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Geography > resource management > Flashcards

resource management Flashcards

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1
Q

how does undernutrition affect people and the economy

A
  • can lead to disease and a range of illnesses
  • may reduce productivity at work
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2
Q

what is the inbalance of water supply caused by and what does it lead to

A
  • inbalance is caused by climate and and rainfall
  • rainwater needs to be capured and stored in reservoirs or taken underground <– expensive
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3
Q

different uses of water in HICs and LICs

A

LICs- used for agriculture
HICs- used for industry

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4
Q

as a country develops, how does demand for energy change

A

energy consumption increases
as it powers factories and machinery and provides fuel for transport

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5
Q

Water supply in different parts of the UK and why

A

North and west - have water surplus (where supply exceeds demand) because of high rainfall and low population
South and East - have water deficit (where deman exceeds supply) because of high population and low rianfall

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6
Q

what is water stress

A

where demand exceeds supply

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7
Q

how can grey water be used

A

waste water (grey water) from peoples homes can be recycled and put to good use
e.g. irrigating plants

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8
Q

what is water transfer and why is there some opposition agains it

A

governent proposed to establish water grid to transfer water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit
opposed because:
- effect on land and wildlife
- high costs
- green house gases released while pumping water

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9
Q

ways to manage water

A

water transfer
managing water supply

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10
Q

how does Environment Agency manage water quality

A
  • filtering water to remove sediment
  • purifying water by adding chlorine
  • strict regulations in the use
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11
Q

why has quality of water deteriorated

A
  • discharge from industrial sites
  • runoff from chemical fertilisers used on farmlands
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12
Q

why is energy consumption decreasing

A

less heavy industry
improved energy conservation

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13
Q

changes in the UK energy mix

A
  • decline of coal due to concerns about greenhouse gases
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14
Q

why will fossil fuels remain important in the future

A
  • remaining reserves will provide energy for several decades
  • coal imports are cheap
  • existing power stations use fossil fuels
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15
Q

what is agribusiness

A

intensive farming aimed at maximising amount of food produced
farms are run as commercial businesses with high levels of investment, use of modern technology and chemicals

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16
Q

what is organic farming

A

produce grown without the use of chemicals
growing increasingly popular although higher labour costs make it more expensive

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17
Q

what is fracking and the concerns around it

A

fracking - when high pressure liquids are introduced to fracture the shale and release gas
concerns:
- possibility of earthquakes
- pollution of underground water sources
- high costs of extraction

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18
Q

economic impacts of exploiting nuclear energy

A
  • high costs for producing electricity and building the plants
  • provides job opportunities and boosts local economy
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19
Q

environental impacts of exploiting nuclear energy

A
  • waste water harms ecosystems
  • risk of harmful radiation leaks
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20
Q

economic impacts of exploiting wind farms

A
  • high construction costs
  • may reduce visitor numbers
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21
Q

environmental impacts of exploiting wind farms

A
  • negative visual impact on the environment
  • help reduce carbon footprint due to no harmful gas emmissions
  • construction can impact environment
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22
Q
A
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23
Q

why is global food consumption increasing

A
  • increasing levels of development and higher standards of living mean people can afford to buy more food
  • growing populations
  • greater availability
24
Q

why do some areas (UK, USA) have high food supply

A
  • intensive farming methods
  • high capital investment
25
Q

why do some areas (Sub-Saharan Africa) have low food supply

A
  • unreliable rainfall
  • drought
  • low investment
  • lack of education
26
Q

what is food security

A

having access to enough safe affordable nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life

27
Q

what are the factors that affect food supply

A
  • climate
  • water supply
  • conflicts
  • poverty
  • technology
28
Q

impacts of food insecurity

A
  • famine
  • undernutritoin
  • soil erosoin
  • rising prices
  • social unrest
29
Q

what is food insecurity

A

occurs when a country can’t supply enough food to feed its population

30
Q

what is famine and where is it seen

A

famine is the widespread shortage of food often causing malnutrition, starvation and death
seen is Somalia in 2010
as a result of low rainfall, poor harvests and death of livestock
300,000 people died

31
Q

what is undernutrition where is it seen particularly

A

the lack of a balanced diet
problem in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

32
Q

what is soil erosion and what is it caused by

A

soil erosion is the removal of fertile top soil layers by wind and water
causes:
- overgrazing
- growing crops
- deforestation

33
Q

how does rising prices impact food supply/ insecurity

A

LIC’s and poor people in NEE’s are affected most because food represents a large share of their spending

34
Q

How does food insecurity cause social unrest

A

incidents sometimes called ‘food riots’ - correspond with high rises in the price of food
most incidents occur in LIC’s or NEE’s
e.g. Algeria - 4 people died

35
Q

Strategies to increasing food supply

A
  • irrigation
  • aeroponics and hydroponics
  • the ‘new’ green revolution
  • biotechnology
  • appropriate technology
36
Q

what is irrigation how does it increase food supply

A

irrigation = the artificial watering of land (increases food production)
most methods involve extraction ofw ater from rivers of underground aquifers

37
Q

what are aeroponics and hydroponics

A

aeroponics -plants are sprayed with fine water mist containing plant nutrients, excess water can be collected and reused (increases yields)
hydroponics - plants are grown in gravel or mineral rich water

38
Q

how do hydro and aeroponics help increase food supply

A

plants absorb nutrients which speed up plant growth, enable seasonal produce to be grown throughout the year and reduces use of chemicals

39
Q

what is the ‘new’ green revolution

A

focusing on sustainability and community e.g.
irrigation, water harvesting and soil conservation

40
Q

what is biotechnology and how does it increase food supply

A

uses living organisms to make or modify products or processes. includes the development of genetically modified crops
(produce higher yields, fewer chemicals and reduce CO2 emmisions)

41
Q

what is appropriate technology and how does it improve food supply

A

using skills or materials that are cheap and easily available to increase output without putting people out of work
e.g.
- small scale water harvesting
- irrigation methods or farming techniques

42
Q

Where is the Indus River

A

flows roughly north-south through the length of Pakistan, reaching the Arabian Sea

43
Q

what is the IBIS

A

largest continuous irrigation scheme in the world
- consists of three large dams
- over a hundred smaller dams
(regulating water flow)
- twelve link canals
(enable water to be transferred between rivers)
- over 64,000km of smaller cancals (to distribute water across the countryside)

44
Q

what is sustainable food supply

A

ensures that fertile soil, water and environmental resources are available for future generations

45
Q

what is organic farming
pro/con

A

growing crops or rearing livestock without the use of chemicals
pro - people may chose to pay higher prices for organic produce
con - production and labour costs may be higher

46
Q

what is permaculture and what does it include

A

system of food production that follows the patterns and features of natural ecosystems
may include:
- organic gardening
- use of crop rotation
- managing woodland

47
Q

sustainable food supply strategies

A
  • organic farming
  • permaculture
  • urban farming
  • fish and meat from sustainable sources
  • sustainable food consumption
  • reducing food waste
48
Q

what is urban farming and why is it becoming more popular

A

the cultivation, processing and distrubution of food in and around settlements
popular because:
- greater choice = better diets
- new jobs
- attracts wildlife
- socially benefits the community by working together

49
Q

what does sustainable fishing involve

A
  • quotes (catching limtis)
  • monitoring fish breeding
  • monitoring fishing practices
  • public awareness has increased and salse of fish from sustainable sources have increased
50
Q

how is intensive livestock production unsustainable

A
  • large amounts of energy
  • chemicals used
  • large amounts of waste
  • high concentrations of animals can damage soil
51
Q

what is seasonal food consumption

A

local food sourcing is more sustainable.
reduces ‘food miles’ and our carbon footprint

52
Q

how is food waste being reduced

A
  • clear food labelling
  • increased shelf life
  • improved food storage
  • sealed plastic bags
53
Q

Where is the Makueni County

A

In Eastern Kenya
most of the population live in small isolated rural communities
low annual rainfall (500mm)

54
Q

what does the Makueni Food and Water security Programme include

A
  • building sand dams in each village (improved access to clean and safe water supply)
  • rainwater harvesting tank
  • training programme to support local farmers
  • growing trees (to reduce soil erosion, increase biodiversity and provide medicinal products)
55
Q

how was the Makueni Food and Water Security Programme successfull

A
  • crop yields and food security have increased
  • water-borne diseases have been reduced
  • less time is wased fetching water
  • school has clean and safe water supply

Geography (14 decks)

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