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Geography > NIGERIA #NEE > Flashcards

NIGERIA #NEE Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Nigeria located and what is its climate

A

Country in West Africa
Tropical climate with variable rain and dry seasons in different parts of the country

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2
Q

Why is Nigeria globally important

A
  • it is an NEE meaning it is experiencing rapid economic development
  • Supplies 2.7% of the world’s oil - 12th largest producer
  • 5th largest contributor to UN peacekeeping missions around the world
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3
Q

Nigeria’s importance in Africa

A
  • in 2014 had the highest GDP in the continent
  • highest farm output
  • thought to lead the way in Africa’s future development
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4
Q

Population

A

over 182 million <– largest of any African country

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5
Q

Political context

A

several countries are starting to invest in Nigeria :
- China is investing in construction in the capital, Abuja
- South Africa is investing in businesses and banking

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6
Q

Social context

A

Nigeria is a multi-ethnic, multifaith country

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7
Q

What are the 3 main ethnic groups in Nigeria

A
  • Yoruba
  • Hausa
  • Fulani
  • Igbo
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8
Q

Are there regional variations in Nigeria

A

There are huge variations of wealth and development within Nigeria
60% of children in urban areas attend secondary school whereas only 36% in rural areas

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9
Q

What is the terrorist organisation becoming a threat called

A

Boko Haram - an Islamic fundamentalist group

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10
Q

Cultural context

A
  • Nigerian cinema Nollywood is the second largest film industry in the world
  • Nigerian music is enjoyed across the continent and beyond
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11
Q

Environmental context

A

The natural environments form bands across the country
- Northern Nigeria - semi-desert and grassland where the climate is drier
- Jos Plateau - upland region where it is wetter and cooler densely populated
- Southern Nigeria - high temperatures and high annual rainfall. Much rainforest crops such as cocoa, palm oil and rubber

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12
Q

How have Nigeria’s political links changed

A

Until 1960, Nigeria was part of the British empire, then became independent and has become a member of the British Commonwealth. Meaning it has equal status with all countries including the UK

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13
Q

Crude oil in Nigeria

A

crude oil dominates Nigeria’s exports. India is Nigeria’s biggest customer. between 2013 -2014 exports of crude oil increased by 40%

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14
Q

Agriculture in Nigeria

A

Reliance on crude petroleum has reduced the importance of agricultural products, although 40% of the population is employed in this sector

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15
Q

What is a TNC

A

transnational corporation - a large company that operates in several companies

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16
Q

What do TNC’s often take advantage of

A
  • tax incentives
  • cheaper labour
  • access to wider market
  • laxer environmental laws
17
Q

Advantages of TNC’s in Nigeria

A
  • companies provide employment and development of new skills
  • more money is spent in the economy
  • Investment by companies in local infrastructure and education
  • Valuable export revenues are earned
18
Q

Disadvantages of TNC’s in Nigeria

A
  • local workers are sometimes poorly paid
  • working conditions are sometimes very poor
  • much of the profit generates goes abroad
  • grants used to attract TNC’s could have been used in Nigeria’s industry
19
Q

Unilever - when did operations in Nigeria start

A

1923 - started with the manufacture of soap using locally produced palm oil

20
Q

Unilever - how many people does it currently employ

A

about 1500 people

21
Q

Unilever - How is it beneficial to Nigeria

A
  • aims to grow the Nigerian market
  • developing brands to improve peoples quality of life
  • works with local cultures and markets to develop new products
  • aims at high standards of employment and environmental stewardship
  • promotes improvements of healthcare, education and water supply
22
Q

Unilever- what was it voted in 2014

A

Second best place to work in Nigeria

23
Q

Shell - benefits

A
  • making major contributions in taxes and export revenue
  • providing direct employment for 65000 Nigerian workers and a further 250,000 jobs in related industries
  • gives 91% of Shell contracts to Nigerian companies
  • supporting growth of Nigeria’s energy sector
24
Q

Shell - tensions and environmental problems

A
  • oil spills have caused water pollution and soil degradation, reducing agricultural production and fishing yields (e.g. 2008 Bodo Oil Spills, 600,000 barrels of crude oil spilled
  • toxic fumes released into the air
  • people working long hours in poor conditions for little money
  • oil theft and sabotage are big problems, reducing production levels and costing the government billions of dollars every year
25
Q

two main types of aid

A

emergency aid - follows a natural disaster, war or conflict, take forms of food, water, medical supplies and shelter

development aid - long- term support given by charities, governments and multi-lateral organisations. Aim to improve quality of life by providing safe water, education and improvements to infrastructure

26
Q

How has Aid benefitted Nigeria

A
  • Aid from the USA helps to educate and protect people against the spread of AIDS/HIV
  • World bank approved a US$500 million to fund for development projects. helped reduce over-dependence on oil exports
27
Q

What prevents Aid from being used effectively

A
  • corruption in the government and by individuals is a major factor in loss of aid
  • government may divert money to be used for other purposes (e.g. reported that aid may have been used to built up Nigeria’s navy
  • donors may have political influence over what happens to aid
  • EXAMPLE - new Aduwan health centre, immunises children against polio
28
Q

Factors of economic growth in Nigeria

A
  • industrial growth
  • urban growth
  • commercial farming and deforestation
  • mining and oil extraction
29
Q

How does industrial growth affect the environment

A
  • harmful pollutants go directly into open drains and water channels, damaging ecosystems downstream
  • industries dispose of chemical waste on nearby land, threatening groundwater quality
  • industrial chimneys emit poisonous gases
  • 70 - 80 % of Nigeria’s forests have been destroyed through logging, agriculture etc
30
Q

How has urban growth affected the environment

A
  • traffic congestion is a major problem in most Nigerian cities, leading to high levels of exhaust emissions
  • Extensive bush burning to clear space for development has damaged trees and wildlife species - decreasing biodiversity
31
Q

How does commercial farming and deforestation affect the environment

A
  • led to land degradation.
  • added CO2 emmisions
32
Q

How does mining and oil extraction affect the environment

A
  • Tin mining leads to soil erosion
  • local water supplies polluted with toxic chemicals
  • Many oil spills impact freshwater and marine ecosystems. They can also cause fires, releasing CO2. Cause acid rain which harms plants
33
Q

How much money did Shell agree to pay Bodo community and individuals in response to the oil spills and when

A

in 2015
£55 million
- this money will be used to built health clinics and improve schools

34
Q

benefits of economic development

A
  • better access to clean water and sanitation
  • better paid jobs in manufacturing industries or services
  • higher disposable income
  • better health care
  • improvements to infrastrucutre
  • reliable electricity supplies
35
Q

challenges that remain despite economic development

A

political - Nigeria needs a stable government to encourage inward investment
environmental - Pollution of the Niger Delta by oil spills, majorly effects the lives of locals
Social - historical distrust and dispute between different tribal groups e.g. Yoruba and Igbo

Geography (14 decks)

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