Resource management Flashcards
Secondary Storage: Direct Access
Does not have to iterate through every data to find a specific one (all the solid state shit)
Secondary Storage: Sequential Access
Iterates through everything to find something
Processor
Repeats the Fetch, Decode, Execute cycle continuously as long as the computer has power(processor performance is measured by MIPS)
Million Instructions Per Second (MIPS)
(Cycles per second)/((cycles/instruction)*1000000)
Clock Rate
Frequency at which at which the processor is running(the hertz rating you see on your phone, computer and shit)
Memory Bandwidth
The rate at which data can travel from SRAM to DRAM to the processor and vice versa(Megabits per second)
Sound Processor
Facilitates the input, process, output of audio signals (mostly integrated within the motherboard)
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
Manipulates and processes graphic and images
Multiprocessor
Has multiple integrated circuits (ICs) mounted on the motherboard (can run multiple programs faster, but more complex and expensive)
Multicore system
Has multiple cores in a single processor and the main cache memory is shared by all the cores (RUNS A SINGLE PROGRAM FASTER)[Example: Xeon E5-2697 has 12 cores)
Batch processing
Programs are batched together and executed as a group (only one from the group runs while the the others wait in QUEUE)[Time Sharing]
Multiprogramming
More than one program could be loaded in the main memory at the same time (MAXIMIZE CPU time but MINIMIZE CPU IDLE TIME)
Multitaksing
Similar to multiprogramming except it handles tasks instead of whole programs[Time Sharing]
Multithreading
Ability of a program to execute different parts of the program called thread simultaneously(allows GUI to be responsive even if a process is taking a long time; prevent the circle of death in a Mac)
Address Binding
Process of mapping a logical address to physical address
Logical address
Reference to a stored value
Physical Address
Actual address of one memory cell
Swapping
Mechanism in which parts of a program can be swapped out of the RAM and put into the hard disk when not in use. Then swapped back in to complete the task
Virtual memory
Memory that appears to exist as primary storage although most of it is supported by data in the secondary(transfer between them is made automatically)
Paging
Underlying mechanism of virtual memory implementation, which allows all modern OS to use the secondary as if it was the primary
Thrashing
Occurs when a computer’s virtual memory subsystem is in a constant state of paging
Slicing(slice)
Time allocated to each user in a multi-access system or to a program in a multitasking system
Interrupt Mechanism (for the OS)
Suspends a process that is required by the ALU and halves a mechanism to identify the next process to be executed
Device driver
Handles all the internal and external hardware (coded by product manufacturer and guides the OS as to how to use use the device)
OS Resource Management Techniques
NAME?
Task scheduling
Creates and manages common tasks that the computer should do at specific times (tasks: virus scans, backups, defragmentation)
Process scheduling
Decides on next tasks to be admitted in the CPU
Most common CPU scheduling algorithms
NAME?
Policies and Account Management
OS is responsible for setting up accounts for each user who will use the computer or network resources (account define the privileges and access rights of a user)
Interrupts
Signal from a device or from a program within the computer that causes the OS to stop the current task and decides what to do next (Example: When your printer runs out of paper)
Polling
Periodic checking of devices, by a central device to sample their states
