Resource management

Question 1

Secondary Storage: Direct Access

Answer 1

Does not have to iterate through every data to find a specific one (all the solid state shit)

Question 2

Secondary Storage: Sequential Access

Answer 2

Iterates through everything to find something

Question 3

Processor

Answer 3

Repeats the Fetch, Decode, Execute cycle continuously as long as the computer has power(processor performance is measured by MIPS)

Question 4

Million Instructions Per Second (MIPS)

Answer 4

(Cycles per second)/((cycles/instruction)*1000000)

Question 5

Clock Rate

Answer 5

Frequency at which at which the processor is running(the hertz rating you see on your phone, computer and shit)

Question 6

Memory Bandwidth

Answer 6

The rate at which data can travel from SRAM to DRAM to the processor and vice versa(Megabits per second)

Question 7

Sound Processor

Answer 7

Facilitates the input, process, output of audio signals (mostly integrated within the motherboard)

Question 8

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

Answer 8

Manipulates and processes graphic and images

Question 9

Multiprocessor

Answer 9

Has multiple integrated circuits (ICs) mounted on the motherboard (can run multiple programs faster, but more complex and expensive)

Question 10

Multicore system

Answer 10

Has multiple cores in a single processor and the main cache memory is shared by all the cores (RUNS A SINGLE PROGRAM FASTER)[Example: Xeon E5-2697 has 12 cores)

Question 11

Batch processing

Answer 11

Programs are batched together and executed as a group (only one from the group runs while the the others wait in QUEUE)[Time Sharing]

Question 12

Multiprogramming

Answer 12

More than one program could be loaded in the main memory at the same time (MAXIMIZE CPU time but MINIMIZE CPU IDLE TIME)

Question 13

Multitaksing

Answer 13

Similar to multiprogramming except it handles tasks instead of whole programs[Time Sharing]

Question 14

Multithreading

Answer 14

Ability of a program to execute different parts of the program called thread simultaneously(allows GUI to be responsive even if a process is taking a long time; prevent the circle of death in a Mac)

Question 15

Address Binding

Answer 15

Process of mapping a logical address to physical address

Question 16

Logical address

Answer 16

Reference to a stored value

Question 17

Physical Address

Answer 17

Actual address of one memory cell

Question 18

Swapping

Answer 18

Mechanism in which parts of a program can be swapped out of the RAM and put into the hard disk when not in use. Then swapped back in to complete the task

Question 19

Virtual memory

Answer 19

Memory that appears to exist as primary storage although most of it is supported by data in the secondary(transfer between them is made automatically)

Question 20

Paging

Answer 20

Underlying mechanism of virtual memory implementation, which allows all modern OS to use the secondary as if it was the primary

Question 21

Thrashing

Answer 21

Occurs when a computer’s virtual memory subsystem is in a constant state of paging

Question 22

Slicing(slice)

Answer 22

Time allocated to each user in a multi-access system or to a program in a multitasking system

Question 23

Interrupt Mechanism (for the OS)

Answer 23

Suspends a process that is required by the ALU and halves a mechanism to identify the next process to be executed

Question 24

Device driver

Answer 24

Handles all the internal and external hardware (coded by product manufacturer and guides the OS as to how to use use the device)

Question 25

OS Resource Management Techniques

Answer 25

NAME?

Question 26

Task scheduling

Answer 26

Creates and manages common tasks that the computer should do at specific times (tasks: virus scans, backups, defragmentation)

Question 27

Process scheduling

Answer 27

Decides on next tasks to be admitted in the CPU

Question 28

Most common CPU scheduling algorithms

Answer 28

NAME?

Question 29

Policies and Account Management

Answer 29

OS is responsible for setting up accounts for each user who will use the computer or network resources (account define the privileges and access rights of a user)

Question 30

Interrupts

Answer 30

Signal from a device or from a program within the computer that causes the OS to stop the current task and decides what to do next (Example: When your printer runs out of paper)

Question 31

Polling

Answer 31

Periodic checking of devices, by a central device to sample their states