Computer Organization

Question 1

Control Unit (CU)

Answer 1

Controls the retrieval of instructions from the primary memory as well as the sequence of their execution

Question 2

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Answer 2

Performs all the basic arithmetic, logical or input-output operations that is provided by the CU

Question 3

Memory Address Register (MAR)

Answer 3

Holds the memory address of the data to be used by the ALU or the processed data that is to be stored in the primary memory (addresses are communicated via address buses)

Question 4

Memory Data Register (MDR)

Answer 4

Holds the data that is to be used by the ALU and which ever memory address location the MAR is holding, the corresponding data will be location onto the MDR for processing by the ALU (data is communicated via data buses)

Question 5

Primary Memory

Answer 5

Only storage that is directly accessible by the CPU. At any given time, it may hold both data and instructions that are currently running on the computer system.

Question 6

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Answer 6

A general purpose storage area. Data stores can be overwritten and data and instructions can be loaded when needed at anytime.

Question 7

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Answer 7

Stores data and instructions that can’t be overwritten and it is used for instruction that never changes (e.g. start up sequence)

Question 8

Cache memory

Answer 8

A type of primary where only frequently used memory is stored for fast retrieval by the CPU because it checks for a existing copy of the data in cache before accessing the RAM

Question 9

Fetch

Answer 9

1. CPU sends the address of an instruction to the

Question 10

Decode

Answer 10

1. Allows the CPU to be aware of any additional

Question 11

Execute

Answer 11

Executes the instruction using the necessary data that has been loaded and calculates a result in the ALU

Question 12

Store

Answer 12

1. CPU may store the result in the primary memory

Question 13

Secondary Memory

Answer 13

NAME?

Question 14

Operating System (OS)

Answer 14

Software that controls the computer’s hardware/software resources and provides service for the computer programs

Question 15

OS: Memory Management

Answer 15

Ensures one app doesn’t interfere with memory used by another app (prevents overwriting memory)

Question 16

OS: Resource monitoring and multitasking

Answer 16

NAME?

Question 17

OS: Disk Access and Data Management

Answer 17

NAME?

Question 18

OS: Security

Answer 18

NAME?

Question 19

Binary Representation

Answer 19

1 Byte = 8 bits

Question 20

Sign and magnitude

Answer 20

Example: 42 = 0010 1010(normal binary) ==> 1010 1010(S&M)

Question 21

One’s Complement

Answer 21

Flip the bits of normal binary. Example: 42 = 1101 0101

Question 22

Two’s Complement

Answer 22

Add 1 to the One’s. Example: 42 = 1101 0101(One’s) ==> 1101 0110(Two’s)

Question 23

Hexadecimal

Answer 23

4 bits per hex

Question 24

Strings

Answer 24

A sequence of characters