resit

Question 1

sensory neurons

Answer 1

carry messages from sensory organs to the central nervous system

Question 2

motor neurons

Answer 2

carry messages from the motor cortex to voluntary muscle fibres

Question 3

sympathetic divisio

Answer 3

fight-or-flight response

act to prepare the body for action in stressful situations, engaging all the organism’s resources to respond to a threat

Question 4

parasympathetic division

Answer 4

maintaining normal functions

acts to calm the body after an emergency or stressfull situation has ended

Question 5

hindbrain

Answer 5

the lowest and most primitive level of the brain

Question 6

brainstem

Answer 6

spands the hindbrain and midbrain, hinbrain structures in the brainstem include the medulla and the pons; the brainstem supports a number of vital physiological functions

Question 7

medulla

Answer 7

plats an important role in vital body functions such as heart rate and respiration

Question 8

pons

Answer 8

lies just above the medulla and relays sensory information between the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum

Question 9

cerebellum

Answer 9

concerned primarily with muscular movement coordination, but plays a role in learning and memory

Question 10

reticular formation

Answer 10

acts as a kind of sentry, both alerting higher centres of the brain that messages are coming, and then either blocking those messages or allowing them to go forward

Question 11

midbrain

Answer 11

contains clusters of sensory and motor neurons

Question 12

forebrain

Answer 12

the brain’s most recently evolved portion

Question 13

cerebrum

Answer 13

the most superior part of the forebrain, compromising the cerebral cortex and several more central structures

Question 14

thalamus

Answer 14

sometimes likened to a switchboard that organises inputs from sensory organs and routes them to the appropriate areas of the brain

Question 15

hypothalamus

Answer 15

plays a major part in many aspects of motivation and emotion, including sexual behaviour, temperature regulation, sleeping, eating, drinking, and agressing

controls the secretion of hormones into the bloodstream via the pituitary gland

Question 16

limbic system

Answer 16

helps coordinate the behaviours needed to satisfy the motivational and emotional urges that arise in the hypothalamus; it is also involved in memory

Question 17

hippocampus

Answer 17

part of the limbic system
involved in forming and retrieving memories

Question 18

amygdala

Answer 18

part of the limbic system
underlies emotional behaviors, particularly those linked to agression and fear

Question 19

pituitary gland

Answer 19

brains portal to the neuroendocrine system

releases hormones that regulate other glands, hormones regulate sexual behaviour, metabolism, stress response, pleasure, pain