resistance ]

Question 1

drug efflux

Answer 1

active removal of antibacterial agent from the cell so that it doesnt reach the required amount for effect

Question 2

beta lactamases

Answer 2

hyrolysis of beta lactam ring opening the amide bond. can be inhibited by use of cluvanic acid

Question 3

chloramphenicol acetyl transferase

Answer 3

acetylation of hydroxyl group on chloramphenicol reduced affinity for 50 s no longer binding

Question 4

acetyl transferase adenyl transferase phosphotransferase

Answer 4

nh2, oh, oh

Question 5

tet-e tet-g tet-k tet-l

Answer 5

single protein located on the inner membrqane that kicks out drug from the cell to reduce the concentration required for action EG is found on negative kl is found on postive

Question 6

met e met a

Answer 6

macrolide efflux channels also macrolides contain an enzyme that methylates 23s rrna reducing affinity for binding of macrolide, lincosomide and streptogamine.

Question 7

MEC A

Answer 7

staphylococcus change of target from pbp2 to pbp2a with lower affinity thus can continue building cell wall.

Question 8

subsituting enzyme -modifying enzyme

Answer 8

d alanyl to lactate and serine reduced h bonding so poor vanco activity

Question 9

sulfonamides

Answer 9

alterted dihydropteorate synthase plasmid

Question 10

trimethoprim

Answer 10

plasmid new hydrofolate reductase