Resistance

Question 1

Resistance Exercise–def

What is it vital for?

Answer 1

Any form of active exercise in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force Applied manually or mechanically. This is an essential element for rehab persons with impaired muscle performance

Question 2

Name six factors that influence how appropriate, effective, or safe resistance exercise is and how the exercises are designed, implemented, and progressed.

Answer 2

1. Pathology
2. Severity of impairment
3. Other deficits
4. Stage of healing
5. Age/overall fitness.
6. Ability to cooperate and learn.

Question 3

Muscle performance
Name three key elements of muscle performance
How do resistance training programs utilize these three key elements?

Answer 3

Strength
Power –athletes returning to sport
Endurance

• most resistance training programs seek to achieve a balance between the three to meet the goals of the patient.

Question 4

11 benefits of resistance exercise

Answer 4

1. enhance muscle performance
2. Increase strength of connective tissues
3. Greater bone mineral density
4. Decreased stress on joints
5. Reduced risk of soft tissue injury
6. Improved capacity to repair and heel
7. Improvement in balance
8. Improvement with performance of ADL’s
9. Changes in body composition
10. Enhance feeling of well-being
11. Improvement perception of disability and quality-of-life.

Question 5

Defined strength

Answer 5

Ability of a contractile tissue to produce tension and a resultant force based on the demands placed on the muscle.

Question 6

Functional strength definition

Answer 6

Ability of the neuromuscular system to produce, reduce, or control forces (contemplated or imposed) during functional activities, and a smooth, coordinated manner.

Question 7

Strength training definition

Answer 7

Systemic procedure of a muscle or muscle group lifting, lowering, or controlling heavy loads for a relatively low number of repetitions or over a short period of time.

Question 8

Power definition

Answer 8

Work produced by a muscle per unit of time ([F*d]/time) a.k.a. Rate of performing work. The relationship of force to overcome and velocity are factors that affect muscle power.

Question 9

Power training
Why is it necessary?
What makes greater power?

Answer 9

Muscle strength is a necessary foundation for developing muscle power. Must have strength in order to overcome load and then add power.

The greater the intensity of exercise and the shorter the time period to taken to generate force, the greater the musclepower.

Question 10

Endurance
Definition
What is the relationship between strength and muscle endurance?

Answer 10

Ability to perform low intensity, repetitive, Or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time.

Although strength and muscle endurance are associated they do not always correlate well with each other. One may be strong but not have endurance.

Question 11

Describe endurance training.

Answer 11

Characterized by having a muscle contract and lift or lower a light load for many repetitions or sustain a muscle contraction for an extended period of time.

Question 12

For patients with impaired muscle performance, which is better endurance training or strength training?

Answer 12

Endurance training has a more positive impact on improving function than strength training.

Question 13

Describe the overload principle

What happens if demand remains constant?

Answer 13

If muscle performance is to improve, the muscle must be challenged to perform at a level greater than that to which it is accustomed.

If the demand remains constant after the muscle has adapted, the level of muscle performance can be maintained but not increased.

Question 14

How does one apply the overload principle?

Answer 14

Focus on the progressive loading of the muscle.

Manipulate the intensity or volume of the exercise

Question 15

Define intensity

Define volume

Answer 15

intensity–how much weight is imposed on the muscle. Strength.

Volume–encompasses variables such as repetitions, sets, or frequency of exercise. Endurance

Question 16

How does one apply the overload principle to a strength program and to an endurance training program?

Answer 16

Strength program–the amount of resistance applied to the muscle incrementally and progressively increased.

Endurance training–more emphasis is placed on increasing the time a muscle contraction is sustained or the number of repetitions performed rather than on increasing resistance.

Question 17

Application of the overload principle.

Precaution, the extent and progression of overload must always be applied in context to: 5

Answer 17

1. Underlying pathology
2. Age
3. Stage of healing
4. Fatigue
5. Overall abilities of patient
   (if you overwork or do not allow time to adapt, the patient can plateau and be stuck or go backwards.)

Question 18

SAID principle
What is it?
What does it do?

Answer 18

Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands
Extension of Wolff’s Law-Body systems adapt over time to stresses placed on them.

Helps the therapist determine the exercise prescription and which parameters of exercise should be selected to create specific training effects that best meet specific functional needs.

Question 19

SAID principle
What is Specificity of Training?
What is its relationship to adaptive effects of training?
How should specificity of training be applied?

Answer 19

Task specific practice must always be emphasized. (Can you break down parts of a task to be able to help get them back to where they want to be?)

Adaptive effects of training are highly specific to the training method employed

Should be considered relative to mode and velocity of exercise as well as patient or limb position and movement pattern during exercise (All components of the exercise, posture, reps, weights, can create different demands.

Question 20

SAID principle
Transfer of Training
What is it?
What is the best way to apply it?
Name a good example of transfer

Answer 20

Carryover of training effects from one variation of exercise or task to another.

It is very important to design a program that closely replicates the desired functional activities.

A good example is, a program designed to develop muscle strength has been shown to also moderately improve muscular endurance, but not the other way around.