Resistance 3 Flashcards
Isometric Exercise How much intensity? What is the duration? Should you do repititions? Why? Joint angle and Mode specificity--where do gains occur?
- varies, still need to consider overload.
- 6-10 seconds
- Good for increasing effectiveness.
- gains in muscle strength occur at or very near training angle, 4-6 points in ROM is recommended. Increases static strength only. (only used if pt cannot do dynamic motion)
Isometric exercise
Precautions
Contraindications
Apply and release the contractions gradually.
Breath-holding is common with this type of exercise, encourage exhalation with contractions. count or breath out while contracting.
High intensity isometric exercises may be contraindicated for pts with a history of cardiac or vascular disorder. (hard for heart and circulation at high intensity.)
Types of Resistance Exercise Define the following; Dynamic exercise Concentric contraction Eccentric contraction
A dynamic muscle contraction causes joint movement and excursion of a body segment as the muscle contracts and shortens or lengthens under tension.
Physical shortening of the muscle against a force
Physical lengthening of the muscle as it attempts to control a load.
Rationale for use of dynamic exercise
What is it?
Most of all daily tasks involved concentric and eccentric muscle activity, and thus makes it essential to incorporate these types of exercise into a patient’s program to meet functional demands
(concentric and eccentric exercises mimic movements we do every day.)
Concentric and eccentric exercise
Which one recruits a larger number of muscle units to control the same load as compared to the other?
What is the implication for a patient?
What is so special about eccentric exercise?
What do you do if a patient is too weak to lift a segment against gravity?
Concentric exercise–if patients cannot overcome gravity to concentrically contract, They may be able to eccentrically exercise.
Eccentric exercise handles larger loads or however at the end of an exercised program, the strength gains appear to be similar to concentric.
Eccentric also tends to cause greater delayed onset muscle soreness.
Of the patient is too weak to lift the segment against gravity, they may be able to lower that segment against gravity, due to muscular demands and recruitment of motor units to control the same load. Don’t make every exercise eccentric. Patient can get pretty sore.
Types of resistance exercise
What is dynamic constant external resistance exercise? (DCER)
A form of resistance training where a limb moves through a range of motion against the constant external load provided by free weights, weight machines, or pulley system. Requires concentric and eccentric contractions to control the Load*** The limitation that the muscle is challenged maximally only one point in the range of motion.
What is isokinetic exercise?
A form of dynamic exercise in which the velocity of muscle shortening or lengthening and angular limb velocity is predetermined and held constant by a rate limiting device known as a isokinetic dynamometer. (big, hard to set up, and time consuming. Generally used for testing… but used less for that now. Generally for open chain leg extension)
Carryover to function is questionable.
What is Open-chain exercise?
What is closed chain exercises?
What is the difference?
Completely unrestricted movement in space for full segment of the body.
Terminal segment is fixed and the encountered resistance moves the proximal segment of the stationary distal segment.
Action of the muscle changes in this segment is in contact with ground or free to move. (arm–elbow flexion–open chain–bicep–closed chain–tricep)
They seven characteristics of open chain exercises
- Distal segment moves in space
- Independence joint movement.
- Movement of body segments only distal to the moving joint.
- Muscle activation occurs predominantly in the prime mover
- Typically performed in NWB positions
- Resistance is applied to moving distal segment
- External stabilization is usually required
Name seven characteristics of closed chain exercises
- Distals segment remains in contact with support surface
- Interdependent joint movements (several joints)
- Movement of body segments may occur distal and/or proximal to the moving joint.
- Muscle activation occurs in multiple muscle groups
- Typically performed in WB positions.
- Resistance applied to multiple moving segments.
- Uses axial loading (near the body trunk—through the skeleton)
What is the rationale for using closed or open chain exercise?
Inclusion and integration of task specific open chain and close chain exercises into A rehab program is both appropriate and prudent. Functional activities include many combinations of these movements.
Where in any program is open or closed chain more appropriate?
In early phazes, use open chain–more control and stability.
Closed chain is better for instabilities, balance, and postural control.
General principles of manual or mechanical resistance training.
Stabilization
Intensity
Volume
Stabilization: necessary to avoid unwanted substitute motions.
Intensity: initially have patient practice the patterns without resistance, resistance should not be more than the patient can control any smooth manner using proper form.
Volume: typically most adults can perform an exercise 8 to 12 reps, but this is very patient specific
General principles of manual mechanical resistance
Verbal or written instructions
Monitoring the patient
Cool down
Verbal or written instructions: use lay terms for describing an exercise and give specific instruction and clear illustration for home exercise program.
Monitoring the patient: always watch and assess the patient’s response to the exercises given.
Cooldown: use rhythmic and unresisted movement to cool down
Precautions for resistance exercise 4
- Avoid valsalva
- Watch for and avoid substitute motions
- Be cautious not to overtrain, or overwork the patient. (pt. may not be aware of when they are fatiguing. )
- The aware of exercise-induced muscle soreness.
