Resiratory System Flashcards
Gaseous exchange
Getting oxygen to the lungs so that it can diffuse into the blood and transported to the cells of the body
Define diffusion
The movements of particles from an area of high to low concentration
A sedentary lifestyle
A lifestyle with little to no regular activity
What does smoking do to the respiratory system
Cause irritation of the trachea and bronchi
Reduces lung function and increases breathlessness caused by swelling and narrowing of the lugs airways
What does cigarette smoke do
Damage the celll lining, the trachea bronchi and bronchioles
Therefore the cells cannot push out mucus from the lungs
When the cells are damaged excess mucus builds up
Leads to smokers cough
Tidal volume
Amount of air inspired or expired per breath
Inspiratory reserve volume
Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath
Expiratory reserve volume
The amount of air that can bee forcibly expired after a normal breath
Residual volume
Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration
Minute ventilation
Volume of air breathed in or out per min
How is ventilation controlled
Nervous system increase or decrease the rate and depth of breathing
What two systems is ventilation controlled by
Sympathetic and are sympathetic nervous system
SNS prepares body for excersize, increases HR
PNS- reduces body back to its resting levels, lowers breathing rate
Where does the inspiratory centre receive info from
Baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, propioreceptors
How do baroreceptors affect breathing rate
Decrease in BP detected by baro in aorta, cartridge arteries results in a increase in BR
How do baroreceptors affect breathing rate
Decrease in BP detected by baro in aorta, cartridge arteries results in a increase in BR
What do propioreceptros do (to do with increased breathing rate)
Stimulates SNS to increase breathing rate and depth which will increase muscle movements and muscles need more 02
What does the inspiratory centre do
Sends nerve impulses via the phrenic nerve to inspiratory muscles, causes them to control, stimulation acts for 2 seconds then impulse’s stop
What order is the pathway of air
Mouth-larynx- trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli
What muscles are involved during inspiration breathing at rest
Diaphragm
External intercostals
What muscles are involved during inspiration during excersize
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Pectoralis major
What muscles are used during expiration while at rest
Diaphragm and external intercostals but they just relax instead of contract
What muscles are used during expiration during excersize
Internal intercostals
Abdominals
What is the definition of ventilation
Getting air into and out of the lungs
Where is the partial pressure of c02 high
Muscles (and blood)
What nerve are impulses sent down for inspiration
Phrenic to diaphragm and external intercostals to increase breathing rate
Where are the nerve impulses sent down for expiration
Intercostal nerve, to abdominals and internal intercostals to increase expiration
Why is the partial pressure of 02 higher in alveoli then the pp of 02 in blood
02 has been removed by working muscles so conc of 02 in blood is lower, so pp is lower.
Is there a high or low pp of c02 in the muscles and what happens with the co2
There is a high amount, the c02 will diffuse into blood creating more diffusion
What do stretch receptors do
Prevent over-inflation of the lungs by sending impulses to expiratory centre
Functions of the respiratory
-getting air into and out of the lungs
-gaseous exchange between lungs and blood
-ransport of gases
- internal respiration
Average value of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiatory reserve volume, residual volume and minute ventilation at rest
Tidal volume- 0.5 litres
Inspiratory volume- 3 litres
Experiatory volume- 1.3 litres
Residual- 1.2 litres
Minute vent- 6 litres
What happens to inspiratory reserve volume during excersize
Decreases
What happens to expiratory reserve during excersize
Small decrease
What is COPD
When the alveoli’s walls break down and join together forming larger air spaces
than normal.
