Resiratory System

Question 1

Gaseous exchange

Answer 1

Getting oxygen to the lungs so that it can diffuse into the blood and transported to the cells of the body

Question 2

Define diffusion

Answer 2

The movements of particles from an area of high to low concentration

Question 3

A sedentary lifestyle

Answer 3

A lifestyle with little to no regular activity

Question 4

What does smoking do to the respiratory system

Answer 4

Cause irritation of the trachea and bronchi
Reduces lung function and increases breathlessness caused by swelling and narrowing of the lugs airways

Question 5

What does cigarette smoke do

Answer 5

Damage the celll lining, the trachea bronchi and bronchioles
Therefore the cells cannot push out mucus from the lungs
When the cells are damaged excess mucus builds up
Leads to smokers cough

Question 6

Tidal volume

Answer 6

Amount of air inspired or expired per breath

Question 7

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 7

Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath

Question 8

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 8

The amount of air that can bee forcibly expired after a normal breath

Question 9

Residual volume

Answer 9

Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration

Question 10

Minute ventilation

Answer 10

Volume of air breathed in or out per min

Question 11

How is ventilation controlled

Answer 11

Nervous system increase or decrease the rate and depth of breathing

Question 12

What two systems is ventilation controlled by

Answer 12

Sympathetic and are sympathetic nervous system
SNS prepares body for excersize, increases HR
PNS- reduces body back to its resting levels, lowers breathing rate

Question 13

Where does the inspiratory centre receive info from

Answer 13

Baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, propioreceptors

Question 14

How do baroreceptors affect breathing rate

Answer 14

Decrease in BP detected by baro in aorta, cartridge arteries results in a increase in BR

Question 15

How do baroreceptors affect breathing rate

Answer 15

Decrease in BP detected by baro in aorta, cartridge arteries results in a increase in BR

Question 16

What do propioreceptros do (to do with increased breathing rate)

Answer 16

Stimulates SNS to increase breathing rate and depth which will increase muscle movements and muscles need more 02

Question 17

What does the inspiratory centre do

Answer 17

Sends nerve impulses via the phrenic nerve to inspiratory muscles, causes them to control, stimulation acts for 2 seconds then impulse’s stop

Question 18

What order is the pathway of air

Answer 18

Mouth-larynx- trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli

Question 19

What muscles are involved during inspiration breathing at rest

Answer 19

Diaphragm
External intercostals

Question 20

What muscles are involved during inspiration during excersize

Answer 20

Diaphragm
External intercostals
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Pectoralis major

Question 21

What muscles are used during expiration while at rest

Answer 21

Diaphragm and external intercostals but they just relax instead of contract

Question 22

What muscles are used during expiration during excersize

Answer 22

Internal intercostals
Abdominals

Question 23

What is the definition of ventilation

Answer 23

Getting air into and out of the lungs

Question 24

Where is the partial pressure of c02 high

Answer 24

Muscles (and blood)

Question 25

What nerve are impulses sent down for inspiration

Answer 25

Phrenic to diaphragm and external intercostals to increase breathing rate

Question 26

Where are the nerve impulses sent down for expiration

Answer 26

Intercostal nerve, to abdominals and internal intercostals to increase expiration

Question 27

Why is the partial pressure of 02 higher in alveoli then the pp of 02 in blood

Answer 27

02 has been removed by working muscles so conc of 02 in blood is lower, so pp is lower.

Question 28

Is there a high or low pp of c02 in the muscles and what happens with the co2

Answer 28

There is a high amount, the c02 will diffuse into blood creating more diffusion

Question 29

What do stretch receptors do

Answer 29

Prevent over-inflation of the lungs by sending impulses to expiratory centre

Question 30

Functions of the respiratory

Answer 30

-getting air into and out of the lungs -gaseous exchange between lungs and blood -ransport of gases - internal respiration

Question 31

Average value of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiatory reserve volume, residual volume and minute ventilation at rest

Answer 31

Tidal volume- 0.5 litres Inspiratory volume- 3 litres Experiatory volume- 1.3 litres Residual- 1.2 litres Minute vent- 6 litres

Question 32

What happens to inspiratory reserve volume during excersize

Answer 32

Decreases

Question 33

What happens to expiratory reserve during excersize

Answer 33

Small decrease

Question 34

What is COPD

Answer 34

When the alveoli’s walls break down and join together forming larger air spaces than normal.