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Pe A Level Crush > Resiratory System > Flashcards

Resiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Gaseous exchange

A

Getting oxygen to the lungs so that it can diffuse into the blood and transported to the cells of the body

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2
Q

Define diffusion

A

The movements of particles from an area of high to low concentration

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3
Q

A sedentary lifestyle

A

A lifestyle with little to no regular activity

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4
Q

What does smoking do to the respiratory system

A

Cause irritation of the trachea and bronchi
Reduces lung function and increases breathlessness caused by swelling and narrowing of the lugs airways

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5
Q

What does cigarette smoke do

A

Damage the celll lining, the trachea bronchi and bronchioles
Therefore the cells cannot push out mucus from the lungs
When the cells are damaged excess mucus builds up
Leads to smokers cough

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6
Q

Tidal volume

A

Amount of air inspired or expired per breath

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7
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath

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8
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

The amount of air that can bee forcibly expired after a normal breath

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9
Q

Residual volume

A

Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration

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10
Q

Minute ventilation

A

Volume of air breathed in or out per min

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11
Q

How is ventilation controlled

A

Nervous system increase or decrease the rate and depth of breathing

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12
Q

What two systems is ventilation controlled by

A

Sympathetic and are sympathetic nervous system
SNS prepares body for excersize, increases HR
PNS- reduces body back to its resting levels, lowers breathing rate

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13
Q

Where does the inspiratory centre receive info from

A

Baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, propioreceptors

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14
Q

How do baroreceptors affect breathing rate

A

Decrease in BP detected by baro in aorta, cartridge arteries results in a increase in BR

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15
Q

How do baroreceptors affect breathing rate

A

Decrease in BP detected by baro in aorta, cartridge arteries results in a increase in BR

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16
Q

What do propioreceptros do (to do with increased breathing rate)

A

Stimulates SNS to increase breathing rate and depth which will increase muscle movements and muscles need more 02

17
Q

What does the inspiratory centre do

A

Sends nerve impulses via the phrenic nerve to inspiratory muscles, causes them to control, stimulation acts for 2 seconds then impulse’s stop

18
Q

What order is the pathway of air

A

Mouth-larynx- trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli

19
Q

What muscles are involved during inspiration breathing at rest

A

Diaphragm
External intercostals

20
Q

What muscles are involved during inspiration during excersize

A

Diaphragm
External intercostals
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Pectoralis major

21
Q

What muscles are used during expiration while at rest

A

Diaphragm and external intercostals but they just relax instead of contract

22
Q

What muscles are used during expiration during excersize

A

Internal intercostals
Abdominals

23
Q

What is the definition of ventilation

A

Getting air into and out of the lungs

24
Q

Where is the partial pressure of c02 high

A

Muscles (and blood)

25
Q

What nerve are impulses sent down for inspiration

A

Phrenic to diaphragm and external intercostals to increase breathing rate

26
Q

Where are the nerve impulses sent down for expiration

A

Intercostal nerve, to abdominals and internal intercostals to increase expiration

27
Q

Why is the partial pressure of 02 higher in alveoli then the pp of 02 in blood

A

02 has been removed by working muscles so conc of 02 in blood is lower, so pp is lower.

28
Q

Is there a high or low pp of c02 in the muscles and what happens with the co2

A

There is a high amount, the c02 will diffuse into blood creating more diffusion

29
Q

What do stretch receptors do

A

Prevent over-inflation of the lungs by sending impulses to expiratory centre

30
Q

Functions of the respiratory

A

-getting air into and out of the lungs
-gaseous exchange between lungs and blood
-ransport of gases
- internal respiration

31
Q

Average value of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiatory reserve volume, residual volume and minute ventilation at rest

A

Tidal volume- 0.5 litres
Inspiratory volume- 3 litres
Experiatory volume- 1.3 litres
Residual- 1.2 litres
Minute vent- 6 litres

32
Q

What happens to inspiratory reserve volume during excersize

A

Decreases

33
Q

What happens to expiratory reserve during excersize

A

Small decrease

34
Q

What is COPD

A

When the alveoli’s walls break down and join together forming larger air spaces
than normal.

Pe A Level Crush (2 decks)

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