Resiratory Flashcards
What is an optimal CXR
Upright ( heart shape and size / lung expansion )
72 SID
PA
No rotation
In a normal CXR the heart is what
Less than 55% of lung markings
Define asthma
Bronchial walls constrict , causes extra mucus
Neutral pathology
Define pleurisy
Inflammation on the pleura
Pain during inspiration
Neutral pathology
Define Actelectasis
Incomplete expansion
Alveoli collapsed ( sponges)
Additive pathology (no air in alveoli)
What are s/sx for atelectasis and what is the treatment
- SOB/ difficulty breathing
- Spirometer
Define cystic fibrosis
Sodium can’t move in and out of cells
Thick mucus
S/Sx: cough, SOB
How do you diagnose and treat cystic fibrosis
Diagnosis: sweat test
Treatment : pulmonary rehab
What are the disorder associated with COPD
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Define emphysema
Alveoli lose ability to stretch and recoil
Subtractive pathology
What are good ways to spot emphysema on an CXR
Barrel chest
Low diaphragm
What type of pathology is cancer
Additive
Solid masses of cancer cells
Define a pleural effusion
Fluid in pleural space between lung and chest wall
Additive pathology
Blunted CPA
Define pulmonary infiltrate
Stuff inside the alveoli
Looks like fluffy clouds
Additive pathology
Cause by CHF & infection
Define pneumonia
Pus in alveoli / inflammation
Infiltrates caused by infection
Additive pathology
What’s the number one cause of hospitalization
Pneumonia
What does TB look like on an xray
Cavities in apices
Airborne
How much of the worlds population is infected with TB
1/4
What are signs and symptoms of TB
How do you treat TB
Chronic cough
Hemoptysis
Night sweats
Antibiotics
Ping pong balls
What is a latent infection
Contained but live bacteria not dormant (not infectious)
Define a pneumothorax
Collapsed lung
Air in pleural space
Subtractive pathology
Lung markings missing
Define tension pneumothorax and treatment
Pressure in effected side pushed on opposite side
Mediastinal shift away from collapsed lung
Decompression 14g needle
Define a hemothorax
Blood in pleural space
By penetrating trauma or blunt force
Define hydrothorax
Serious fluid
Causes CHF & kidney failure
Where is a chest tube placed for a pneumothorax
High chest tube placed
Where is chest tube placed for a hydrothorax
Low in the chest
Define neonatal RDS
Surfactant keeps alveoli from sticking shut (36-39 weeks)
CXR looks like ground glass
Define acute RDS
And causes
Rapid accumulation of infiltrates
Caused by disease/ sepsis & trauma
Define croup
Small and pliable airways
Cough sounds like barking seal
Starts as a cold
Steeple and narrow lower trachea
Define RSV
Respiratory
Syncytial
Virus
One of the big concerns of infection control in the NICU
What virus does COVID consist of
RNA virus
Adapts and evolves over time
What % of new cancers are lung
12%
What % of deaths are lung cancers
21%
What are the causes of cancer
Asbestos
Radon
Smoking
Smoking + beta carotene
What bacteria is TB
Mycobacterium
Complications of covid 19
Bilateral pneumonia
Organ failure
Weak cardiac muscle
Death
