Resiratory

Question 1

What is an optimal CXR

Answer 1

Upright ( heart shape and size / lung expansion )

72 SID

PA

No rotation

Question 2

In a normal CXR the heart is what

Answer 2

Less than 55% of lung markings

Question 3

Define asthma

Answer 3

Bronchial walls constrict , causes extra mucus

Neutral pathology

Question 4

Define pleurisy

Answer 4

Inflammation on the pleura

Pain during inspiration

Neutral pathology

Question 5

Define Actelectasis

Answer 5

Incomplete expansion
Alveoli collapsed ( sponges)

Additive pathology (no air in alveoli)

Question 6

What are s/sx for atelectasis and what is the treatment

Answer 6

1. SOB/ difficulty breathing
2. Spirometer

Question 7

Define cystic fibrosis

Answer 7

Sodium can’t move in and out of cells
Thick mucus

S/Sx: cough, SOB

Question 8

How do you diagnose and treat cystic fibrosis

Answer 8

Diagnosis: sweat test

Treatment : pulmonary rehab

Question 9

What are the disorder associated with COPD

Answer 9

Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Asthma
Bronchiectasis

Question 10

Define emphysema

Answer 10

Alveoli lose ability to stretch and recoil

Subtractive pathology

Question 11

What are good ways to spot emphysema on an CXR

Answer 11

Barrel chest
Low diaphragm

Question 12

What type of pathology is cancer

Answer 12

Additive

Solid masses of cancer cells

Question 13

Define a pleural effusion

Answer 13

Fluid in pleural space between lung and chest wall

Additive pathology

Blunted CPA

Question 14

Define pulmonary infiltrate

Answer 14

Stuff inside the alveoli
Looks like fluffy clouds

Additive pathology

Cause by CHF & infection

Question 15

Define pneumonia

Answer 15

Pus in alveoli / inflammation

Infiltrates caused by infection

Additive pathology

Question 16

What’s the number one cause of hospitalization

Answer 16

Pneumonia

Question 17

What does TB look like on an xray

Answer 17

Cavities in apices

Airborne

Question 18

How much of the worlds population is infected with TB

Answer 18

1/4

Question 19

What are signs and symptoms of TB
How do you treat TB

Answer 19

Chronic cough
Hemoptysis
Night sweats

Antibiotics
Ping pong balls

Question 20

What is a latent infection

Answer 20

Contained but live bacteria not dormant (not infectious)

Question 21

Define a pneumothorax

Answer 21

Collapsed lung
Air in pleural space

Subtractive pathology
Lung markings missing

Question 22

Define tension pneumothorax and treatment

Answer 22

Pressure in effected side pushed on opposite side
Mediastinal shift away from collapsed lung

Decompression 14g needle

Question 23

Define a hemothorax

Answer 23

Blood in pleural space

By penetrating trauma or blunt force

Question 24

Define hydrothorax

Answer 24

Serious fluid

Causes CHF & kidney failure

Question 25

Where is a chest tube placed for a pneumothorax

Answer 25

High chest tube placed

Question 26

Where is chest tube placed for a hydrothorax

Answer 26

Low in the chest

Question 27

Define neonatal RDS

Answer 27

Surfactant keeps alveoli from sticking shut (36-39 weeks)

CXR looks like ground glass

Question 28

Define acute RDS
And causes

Answer 28

Rapid accumulation of infiltrates
Caused by disease/ sepsis & trauma

Question 29

Define croup

Answer 29

Small and pliable airways

Cough sounds like barking seal
Starts as a cold

Steeple and narrow lower trachea

Question 30

Define RSV

Answer 30

Respiratory
Syncytial
Virus

One of the big concerns of infection control in the NICU

Question 31

What virus does COVID consist of

Answer 31

RNA virus

Adapts and evolves over time

Question 32

What % of new cancers are lung

Answer 32

12%

Question 33

What % of deaths are lung cancers

Answer 33

21%

Question 34

What are the causes of cancer

Answer 34

Asbestos
Radon
Smoking
Smoking + beta carotene

Question 35

What bacteria is TB

Answer 35

Mycobacterium

Question 36

Complications of covid 19

Answer 36

Bilateral pneumonia
Organ failure
Weak cardiac muscle
Death