Neoplasia Flashcards
Define neoplasia
A new growth of tissue serving no physiological function
Define tumor
mass of tissues from a pre existent cell
What does it mean if its Benign
non cancerous
not metastasizing
What does it mean if its Malignant
cancer
may metastasize
Define cancer
Body cells undergoing unregulated reproduction and metastasizing
what is a functioning oncogene
spread protein to help control cellular reproduction
what is a defective oncogene
contributes to a cell being able to reproduce unregulated
How is color blindness caused
by mutated genes that have a role in color vision
what are carcinogens
agents associated with increase development of cancer
what are the routes chemicals can effect the body
Ingested
Inhaled
Absorbed
how does a virus start
it inserts its DNA into the middle of a gene
what is considered natural radiation
Sunlight
cosmic
radon
bananas
naturally radioactive elements
How much are cancer death rates down
27% since 2001-2010
by less smoking & better detection and treatment
Is the 5 year survival rate increase or decreased
increased
what are the survival rates of prostate and pancreas cancers?
prostate- 98%
pancreas- 9%
what is the staging system for detected cancers
TNM system
Tumor size and spread
Node spread to nearby nodes
Metastasis spread beyond origin
what does T1-T4 indicate
size and extent of tumor
what does N1-N3 indicated
extent of lymph involvement
what does M1 indicate
evidence of distant metastasis
can be subdivided
what are stages 1-4 of cancer
- carcinoma in early form
- localized
- early locally advanced
- late locally advanced
- metastasized
where does carcinoma originate from
epithelial cells
-skin cancer
-lung cancer
where does sarcoma originate from
connective tissue
-blood,bone
where does myeloma originate from
bone marrow
-multiple myeloma
where does lymphoma originate from
lymph tissue
where does lipomas originate from
fat
define primary malignancy site
where cancer cell originated from
define secondary malignancy site
cancer cells that metastasized
what are the metastatic routes
lymphatic system
bloodstream
GI tract
what is a hemoccult blood test
blood in stool
what is a cologuard test
dtects mutant DNA in stool
what is a PSA test
blood test for prostate
a biopsy is
the most definitive diagnosis because you can look directly at the cells
what is brachytherapy treatment
internal radiocative implants
what is teletherapy
external beam rad therapy
what is chemotherapy
drugs
what is surgery for cancer treatment
removing tumor and surrounding tissue
