Reservoir Engineering Final (delete WL) Flashcards
What is the Sobocinski-Cornelius Method
what is the water influx constant in the Schilthuis’ Steady-State water flood Model
Describe well spacing
what is wettability
what is the euqation for the initial volume of water in a radial aquifer in the Pot Aquifer Model
What are equations and steps to use the Kuo and Desbrisay method
what is coning
what is the mobility ratio
Fetkovich’s water flood model is based on the premise that the ____ concept will adequately describe water influx from a finite aquifer into a hydrocarbon reservoir.
what is residual oil saturation
describe superposition
What effects Microscopic Displacement Efficiency
What are injection rate injectivities
Describe the data table and plot of the Dykstra-Parsons Method for vertical permeability
Describe the Correlation of Viscous and Capillary Forces on Residual Oil Saturation
what are the 4 types of water influx models
Describe areal permeability variations
what is time to breakthrough for vertical wells
Water injected into a stratified system will preferentially enter the layers of highest _____and will move at a higher velocity in these layers.
Water influx/water encroachment is attributed to:
what is viscous fingering
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what do hydrogen atoms look like when a magnetic field is applied to them
what is linear water drive
what is a borehole High-definition formation microimager (FMI-HD)
what is an NMR calibration parameter
describe the Uncertainties of Conventional Log Analysis
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•Electrode devices, either conventional or focused current, require the presence of ____fluid in the borehole.
what is resistivity
Both ____ and ____ are exponential processes with times constants ___ and ____ respectively. This is the time at which the magnetization has decayed to 37% of its initial value immediately after the 90° RF pulse
what are the archie equations comapring the relationship between Rock Resistivity and Fluid Saturation
what are the Assumptions in the Van Everdingen and Hurst’s water flood Model
The contribution of each of the four zones to the calculated value of the Ra is determined by the _____ and _____ and the ______.
describe the Uncertainties of Conventional Log Analysis model for shaly sand analysis
Quantitative Evaluation of Permeability Stratification:
what is the Single-value representation of permeability:
What is the Dykstra-Parsons Method for verticle permeability
name some typical resistivity ranges
name some types of resistivity logs
What is volumetric displacement efficiency?
what are stratigraphic plots
what is the archie equation for resistivity
Note that the NMR and Conventional Log Analysis Models have six components: matrix and dry clay, which together sum to give the ____; clay-bound water, capillary-bound water, free water, and hydrocarbon, which together sum to give the ____
what is the fractional encroachment angle in the pot acquifer model
With CMR, it is common to use a slightly different relationship to calculate permeability. • Instead of using the Coates equation (given in Eq. 19.1), the ______ is used as the input to the equation
What is microscopic displacement efficiency?
what is an orbital magnetic dipole moment
Broadly speaking, dip interpretation may be split into two parts:
•Reservoir rocks in situ are almost always conductors, which results from the presence of ____.
The volumetric sweep efficiency can be decomposed into the product of an ___ and a ____sweep efficiency.
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Production from the well would create _____ that tend to lower the gas-oil contact and elevate the water-oil contact in the immediate vicinity of the well
The recovery efficiency, also known as recovery factor (RF), is given by the product of a _______ (ED ) and a _____ (EV ).
2D displacement is observed in linear systems if…
conventional electrode tools use an array of ___ electrodes with letters of ____
describe the 3 types of ultrasonic borehole imagers
picture of 4 arm dipmeter
Describe pattern flooding ratios
For the Dykstra-Parsons Method for vertical permeability, values of v will vary from 0 to 1 with 0 representing a completely _____reservoir and 1 representing a completely ____reservoir.
So far, only the NMR response to water-filled pore space has been discussed.
- 100% water is said to have an hydrogen index (HI) of ____.
- Oil, light oil, and gas have fewer hydrogen atoms per unit volume than water and are therefore said to have an hydrogen index (HI) of ____.
The purposes of a reservoir description in waterflood design are
Describe coning’s critical production rate
Describe the Meyers - Gardner critical rate correlation for gas coning
what is the resistivity ratio
what are the two most widely used methods to calculate time to breakthrough for vertical wells
what is infill drilling
• The basic level of formation evaluation with an NMR log is:
•Igneous, metamorphic and dry sedimentary rocks are _______ of electrical conductors
What is the Bournazel-Jeanson Method
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a printout of dipmeter results usually has what 3 things
If the trace could be “unwrapped” and laid on a flat surface, a ____wave would be visible, with its ____reflecting the dip magnitude and its ____ indicating the dip azimuth.
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how does a conventional electrode tool “lateral device” work
what is pattern flooding
All of the conventional tools measure ____and _____ indirectly, except NMR log.
describe the azimuth convention on a tadpole plot
what do hydrogen molucules look like without a magnetic field nearby
how is the Location of the Injectors & Producers of a waterflood decided
•By convention, when more than one curve is recorded on the same track, the ____ curve represents the response of the tool with the deeper radius of investigation.
NMR alone cannot perform a complete analysis that includes free and bound-water saturations; _______ devices are still needed.
for a conventional electrode tool in the ____ arrangement, three electrodes are on the logging tool..
Centered Magnetic Resonance Imaging Logging (MRIL® ) Tool-Halliburton uses multiple ______ to also investigate a range of annular volumes of the formation at different distances from the tool axis, as illustrated in this figure.
describe how a basic downhole resistivity measurement works
How are Areal Permeability Variations detected
describe the physics of NMR (sequience of events)
what are laterologs used for
what is the Humble equation relating rock porsoity and resistivity
The vertical precision of NMR tools depends on
what is a folded structure
•T1 Relaxation, also known as _____relaxation, or relaxation in the z-direction
Describe displacement in a 5 spot flood pattern
•Laterologs are designed to measure formation resistivity in boreholes filled with ____ (where Rmf~R w ) .
•The NMR measurement of T2 is a distribution over time of a series of values that gives the analyst a picture of the ______and the _____
All types of dipmeters have 4 common characteristics
what is a convetional electrode tool “electric log”
what is a flooding pattern
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name the classificiation of resistivity logs
NMR can be used to measure what
What is the Schilthuis’ Steady-State waterflood model
describe the breakdown of the Schilthuis’ Steady-State waterflood Model equation
During NMR after a tipping pulse, the realignment of protons that are close to a solid surface (a sand grain for example) proceeds ____, but protons in the middle of a pore and far from a solid surface realign more ____
describe ultrasonic borehole imager
what does F represent in terms of resisitivty
Describe the The Meyer-Garder critical rate correlation for water coning
what are the applications of dipmeters
In NMR, the term _____describes how signals change with time. In general signals deteriorate with time, becoming weaker and broader.
How does the NMR Centered Magnetic Resonance Imaging Logging (MRIL® ) Tool-Halliburton work
Describe van Everdingen-Hurst Computational Steps for Water Influx with Multiple Pressure Drops for a water flood
what is a SODA plot
what is bottom aquifer drive
what is the Pot Aquifer Model
Describe the Pirson critical rate correlation
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Dipmeter: provides valuable insights into the structural and sedimentary features of the reservoir, they lack the ____ that a full borehole image can provide
what is an NMR tipping pulse
List the Productivity Index equations used in Fetkovich’s water flood Model
• NMR tools, of whatever type, can, at best, make measurements near the borehole in the _____ where mud filtrate has invaded and the saturation is Sxo.
List the problems of water and gas coning
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what are the 2 limiations of conventional electrode-type devices
what is Ohm’s law
how does a conventional electrode tool “normal device” work
Pad contact CMR tool
•By changing the frequency of the RF pulse used to flip the protons, this tool can make measurements at ______ radially outward from the tool into the formation, as illustrated in figure.
describe the types of flooding patterns
what is a Laterolog-7?
for a conventional electrode tool in the ____ arrangement, two electrodes are mounted on a sonde.
During NMR, For any given measurement cycle, the _____over time of the received signals is an indicator of the number of protons (and hence of porosity) and their distribution (and hence of the pore sizes involved).
In NMR, The general form of the equation relating permeability and the measured quantities is:
What is the acquifer balance material equation used in the Fetkovich water flood model
What is the equation for Volumetric Displacement Efficiency
Describe the equations for the Sobocinski-Cornelius breakthrough time method
what are the three categories of correlation that are used to solve the coning problem
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what is edge aquifer drive
The very first logging device ever designed was made to measure _____.
The induction tool does not require ____ fluid in the borehole or ____ with the formation.
what is apparent resistivity
describe the three basic NMR measurements
what is capillary number
What is the Kuo and Desbrisay method
what is conductivity
what is a dipmeter designed to measure
Exclusive of fractures and permeability trends, ____changes in permeability tend to be much less severe than vertical variations.
Describe the trapping of resisdual oil
what is borehole imaging deployed
what is arps equation for equivalent resistivity for a given temp
Describe the productivity index (PI) equation for an acquifer
how does an induction log work
what is the pad contact CMR tool
what are the different ways of presenting the results of a dipmeter survey
Describe the steps to calculate water influx for Fetkovich’s Pseudosteady-State water flood Model
what is archie’s emperical relationship between m, phi, and F
What is NMR T2 relaxation
describe the basic NMR measurements and what they’re converted to
Describe pattern orientation for water flooding
What are the equations for the Bournazel-Jeanson Method
what is a laterolog-3
Archie’s equations relating Rock Resistivity and Fluid Saturation are not the best for shaly sand, what equation is?
Coning is primarily the result of what
what are the 2 types of raw data surveyed from a dip meter
Describe the Meyer-Garder for the critical rate correlation for simaltaneous gas and water coning
What is the equation for Areal Sweep Efficiency
The overall term for the observed loss of phase coherence (de-phasing) is _____, which combines the effect of _______ and additional dephasing caused by local variations (inhomogeneities) in the applied magnetic field.
what are the he 5 steps in the design of a waterflood
The areal sweep efficiency depends basically on the following three main factors:
what is a dip angle
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The pot acquifer model is only applicable to a ___aquifer because
what is a microlog
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What is NMR Echo Train – CPMG Pulse Sequence
From a reservoir description, what information needs to be obtained to do a waterflood
What is the Van Everdingen and Hurst Unsteady-State water flood model
what is conductance
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what is a Peripheral Flood:
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Describe the Chaperson’s Method for critical rate correlation
The MRIL NMR tool is run centered in the borehole and is less affected by borehole ____ than the padcontact devices
What are the 3 Meyer and Garder critical rate correlations
The following factors affect the volumetric displacement/sweep efficiency:
describe natural water influx
what are inductance tools
