Reservoir Engineering Final (delete WL) Flashcards
1
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What is the Sobocinski-Cornelius Method
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2
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what is the water influx constant in the Schilthuis’ Steady-State water flood Model
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3
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Describe well spacing
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4
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what is wettability
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5
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6
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what is the euqation for the initial volume of water in a radial aquifer in the Pot Aquifer Model
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7
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What are equations and steps to use the Kuo and Desbrisay method
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8
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what is coning
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9
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what is the mobility ratio
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10
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Fetkovich’s water flood model is based on the premise that the ____ concept will adequately describe water influx from a finite aquifer into a hydrocarbon reservoir.
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11
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what is residual oil saturation
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12
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describe superposition
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13
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What effects Microscopic Displacement Efficiency
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14
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What are injection rate injectivities
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15
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Describe the data table and plot of the Dykstra-Parsons Method for vertical permeability
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16
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Describe the Correlation of Viscous and Capillary Forces on Residual Oil Saturation
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17
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what are the 4 types of water influx models
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18
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19
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Describe areal permeability variations
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20
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21
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what is time to breakthrough for vertical wells
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22
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Water injected into a stratified system will preferentially enter the layers of highest _____and will move at a higher velocity in these layers.
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23
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Water influx/water encroachment is attributed to:
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24
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what is viscous fingering
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what do hydrogen atoms look like when a magnetic field is applied to them
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what is linear water drive
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what is a borehole High-definition formation microimager (FMI-HD)
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what is an NMR calibration parameter
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describe the Uncertainties of Conventional Log Analysis
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•Electrode devices, either conventional or focused current, require the presence of \_\_\_\_fluid in the borehole.
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what is resistivity
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Both ____ and ____ are exponential processes with times constants ___ and ____ respectively. This is the time at which the magnetization has decayed to 37% of its initial value immediately after the 90° RF pulse
35
what are the archie equations comapring the relationship between Rock Resistivity and Fluid Saturation
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what are the Assumptions in the Van Everdingen and Hurst’s water flood Model
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The contribution of each of the four zones to the calculated value of the Ra is determined by the _____ and _____ and the \_\_\_\_\_\_.
38
describe the Uncertainties of Conventional Log Analysis model for shaly sand analysis
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Quantitative Evaluation of Permeability Stratification:
what is the Single-value representation of permeability:
40
What is the Dykstra-Parsons Method for verticle permeability
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name some typical resistivity ranges
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name some types of resistivity logs
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What is volumetric displacement efficiency?
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what are stratigraphic plots
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what is the archie equation for resistivity
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Note that the NMR and Conventional Log Analysis Models have six components: matrix and dry clay, which together sum to give the \_\_\_\_; clay-bound water, capillary-bound water, free water, and hydrocarbon, which together sum to give the \_\_\_\_
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what is the fractional encroachment angle in the pot acquifer model
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With CMR, it is common to use a slightly different relationship to calculate permeability. • Instead of using the Coates equation (given in Eq. 19.1), the ______ is used as the input to the equation
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What is microscopic displacement efficiency?
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what is an orbital magnetic dipole moment
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Broadly speaking, dip interpretation may be split into two parts:
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•Reservoir rocks in situ are almost always conductors, which results from the presence of \_\_\_\_.
55
The volumetric sweep efficiency can be decomposed into the product of an ___ and a \_\_\_\_sweep efficiency.
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Production from the well would create _____ that tend to lower the gas-oil contact and elevate the water-oil contact in the immediate vicinity of the well
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The recovery efficiency, also known as recovery factor (RF), is given by the product of a _______ (ED ) and a _____ (EV ).
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2D displacement is observed in linear systems if...
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conventional electrode tools use an array of ___ electrodes with letters of \_\_\_\_
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describe the 3 types of ultrasonic borehole imagers
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picture of 4 arm dipmeter
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Describe pattern flooding ratios
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For the Dykstra-Parsons Method for vertical permeability, values of v will vary from 0 to 1 with 0 representing a completely \_\_\_\_\_reservoir and 1 representing a completely \_\_\_\_reservoir.
67
So far, only the NMR response to water-filled pore space has been discussed.
* 100% water is said to have an hydrogen index (HI) of \_\_\_\_.
* Oil, light oil, and gas have fewer hydrogen atoms per unit volume than water and are therefore said to have an hydrogen index (HI) of \_\_\_\_.
68
The purposes of a reservoir description in waterflood design are
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Describe coning's critical production rate
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Describe the Meyers - Gardner critical rate correlation for gas coning
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what is the resistivity ratio
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what are the two most widely used methods to calculate time to breakthrough for vertical wells
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what is infill drilling
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• The basic level of formation evaluation with an NMR log is:
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•Igneous, metamorphic and dry sedimentary rocks are _______ of electrical conductors
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What is the Bournazel-Jeanson Method
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a printout of dipmeter results usually has what 3 things
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If the trace could be “unwrapped” and laid on a flat surface, a \_\_\_\_wave would be visible, with its \_\_\_\_reflecting the dip magnitude and its ____ indicating the dip azimuth.
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how does a conventional electrode tool "lateral device" work
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what is pattern flooding
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All of the conventional tools measure \_\_\_\_and _____ indirectly, except NMR log.
86
describe the azimuth convention on a tadpole plot
87
what do hydrogen molucules look like without a magnetic field nearby
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how is the Location of the Injectors & Producers of a waterflood decided
89
•By convention, when more than one curve is recorded on the same track, the ____ curve represents the response of the tool with the deeper radius of investigation.
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NMR alone cannot perform a complete analysis that includes free and bound-water saturations; _______ devices are still needed.
91
for a conventional electrode tool in the ____ arrangement, three electrodes are on the logging tool..
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Centered Magnetic Resonance Imaging Logging (MRIL® ) Tool-Halliburton uses multiple ______ to also investigate a range of annular volumes of the formation at different distances from the tool axis, as illustrated in this figure.
93
describe how a basic downhole resistivity measurement works
94
How are Areal Permeability Variations detected
95
describe the physics of NMR (sequience of events)
96
what are laterologs used for
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what is the Humble equation relating rock porsoity and resistivity
98
The vertical precision of NMR tools depends on
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what is a folded structure
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•T1 Relaxation, also known as \_\_\_\_\_relaxation, or relaxation in the z-direction
102
Describe displacement in a 5 spot flood pattern
103
•Laterologs are designed to measure formation resistivity in boreholes filled with ____ (where Rmf~R w ) .
104
•The NMR measurement of T2 is a distribution over time of a series of values that gives the analyst a picture of the \_\_\_\_\_\_and the \_\_\_\_\_
105
All types of dipmeters have 4 common characteristics
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what is a convetional electrode tool "electric log"
108
what is a flooding pattern
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110
name the classificiation of resistivity logs
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NMR can be used to measure what
112
What is the Schilthuis’ Steady-State waterflood model
113
describe the breakdown of the Schilthuis’ Steady-State waterflood Model equation
114
During NMR after a tipping pulse, the realignment of protons that are close to a solid surface (a sand grain for example) proceeds \_\_\_\_, but protons in the middle of a pore and far from a solid surface realign more \_\_\_\_
115
describe ultrasonic borehole imager
116
what does F represent in terms of resisitivty
117
Describe the The Meyer-Garder critical rate correlation for water coning
118
what are the applications of dipmeters
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In NMR, the term \_\_\_\_\_describes how signals change with time. In general signals deteriorate with time, becoming weaker and broader.
120
How does the NMR Centered Magnetic Resonance Imaging Logging (MRIL® ) Tool-Halliburton work
121
Describe van Everdingen-Hurst Computational Steps for Water Influx with Multiple Pressure Drops for a water flood
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what is a SODA plot
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what is bottom aquifer drive
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what is the Pot Aquifer Model
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Describe the Pirson critical rate correlation
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Dipmeter: provides valuable insights into the structural and sedimentary features of the reservoir, they lack the ____ that a full borehole image can provide
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what is an NMR tipping pulse
129
List the Productivity Index equations used in Fetkovich's water flood Model
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• NMR tools, of whatever type, can, at best, make measurements near the borehole in the _____ where mud filtrate has invaded and the saturation is Sxo.
131
List the problems of water and gas coning
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what are the 2 limiations of conventional electrode-type devices
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what is Ohm's law
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how does a conventional electrode tool "normal device" work
136
Pad contact CMR tool
•By changing the frequency of the RF pulse used to flip the protons, this tool can make measurements at ______ radially outward from the tool into the formation, as illustrated in figure.
137
describe the types of flooding patterns
138
what is a Laterolog-7?
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for a conventional electrode tool in the ____ arrangement, two electrodes are mounted on a sonde.
141
During NMR, For any given measurement cycle, the \_\_\_\_\_over time of the received signals is an indicator of the number of protons (and hence of porosity) and their distribution (and hence of the pore sizes involved).
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In NMR, The general form of the equation relating permeability and the measured quantities is:
144
What is the acquifer balance material equation used in the Fetkovich water flood model
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What is the equation for Volumetric Displacement Efficiency
146
Describe the equations for the Sobocinski-Cornelius breakthrough time method
147
what are the three categories of correlation that are used to solve the coning problem
148
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what is edge aquifer drive
150
The very first logging device ever designed was made to measure \_\_\_\_\_.
151
The induction tool does not require ____ fluid in the borehole or ____ with the formation.
152
what is apparent resistivity
153
describe the three basic NMR measurements
154
what is capillary number
155
What is the Kuo and Desbrisay method
156
what is conductivity
157
what is a dipmeter designed to measure
158
Exclusive of fractures and permeability trends, \_\_\_\_changes in permeability tend to be much less severe than vertical variations.
159
Describe the trapping of resisdual oil
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what is borehole imaging deployed
162
what is arps equation for equivalent resistivity for a given temp
163
Describe the productivity index (PI) equation for an acquifer
164
how does an induction log work
165
what is the pad contact CMR tool
166
what are the different ways of presenting the results of a dipmeter survey
167
Describe the steps to calculate water influx for Fetkovich's Pseudosteady-State water flood Model
168
what is archie's emperical relationship between m, phi, and F
169
What is NMR T2 relaxation
170
describe the basic NMR measurements and what they're converted to
171
Describe pattern orientation for water flooding
172
What are the equations for the Bournazel-Jeanson Method
173
what is a laterolog-3
174
Archie's equations relating Rock Resistivity and Fluid Saturation are not the best for shaly sand, what equation is?
175
Coning is primarily the result of what
176
what are the 2 types of raw data surveyed from a dip meter
177
Describe the Meyer-Garder for the critical rate correlation for simaltaneous gas and water coning
178
What is the equation for Areal Sweep Efficiency
179
The overall term for the observed loss of phase coherence (de-phasing) is \_\_\_\_\_, which combines the effect of _______ and additional dephasing caused by local variations (inhomogeneities) in the applied magnetic field.
180
what are the he 5 steps in the design of a waterflood
181
The areal sweep efficiency depends basically on the following three main factors:
182
what is a dip angle
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The pot acquifer model is only applicable to a \_\_\_aquifer because
185
what is a microlog
186
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What is NMR Echo Train – CPMG Pulse Sequence
188
From a reservoir description, what information needs to be obtained to do a waterflood
189
What is the Van Everdingen and Hurst Unsteady-State water flood model
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what is conductance
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what is a Peripheral Flood:
196
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197
Describe the Chaperson's Method for critical rate correlation
198
The MRIL NMR tool is run centered in the borehole and is less affected by borehole ____ than the padcontact devices
199
What are the 3 Meyer and Garder critical rate correlations
200
The following factors affect the volumetric displacement/sweep efficiency:
201
describe natural water influx
202
what are inductance tools
