Research & Statistics Flashcards
T or F: The facilitated communication approach is supported by evidence.
FALSE!
T or F: Baselines are pretreatment measures , and probes measure generalized productions.
TRUE!
To evaluate the effects of a phonological treatment procedure, an investigator started by establishing the baselines or target phoneme productions, offered treatment to all children baserated, withdrew treatment for a period of time, and finally offered the treatment again. This is an example of :
a. a pretest-posttest control group design
b. multiple-baseline design
c. case study
d. a descriptive study
e. ABAB design
e. ABAB design!!
A correlation coefficient ….
suggests the ways in which TWO VARIABLES are related to each other.
External validity of a study may be threated by ….
a. the Hawthorne effect
b. statistical regression
c. testing
d. maturation
e. attrition
A. the Hawthorne effect!!!
refers to a phenomenon whereby workers improve or modify an aspect of their behavior in response to the fact of change in their environment
In standardizing a test of language skills in children, the investigator asked two experts to judge each item on the test to make sure that all items were relevant to children’s language skills. This is a method of establishing:
a. concurrent validity
b. content validity.
c. construct validity
d. predictive validity
e. test reliability
B. CONTENT VALIDITY
What is PREDICTIVE/CRITERION VALIDITY?
accuracy with which a test PREDICTS FUTURE PERFORMANCE on a related task
What is CONCURRENT VALIDITY?
degree to which a NEW TESTS CORRELATES with an ESTABLISHED TEST.
What is CONSTRUCT VALIDITY?
degree which test scores are CONSISTENT WITH THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTS OR CONCEPTS!
What is CONTENT VALIDITY?
measure of test validity based on a systematic EXAMINATION OF ALL TEST ITEMS TO DETERMINE IF THEY ADEQUATLY SAMPLE THE FULL RANGE OF THE SKILLS BEING TESTED and measures what the test PURPOTS TO MEASURE!
INTEROBSERVER RELIABILITY
TWO OR MORE observers agree
INTRAOBSERVER RELIABILITY
SAME OBSERVER repeatedly measures the same event consistently.
What is one difficulty with cross-sectional studies?
The investigator observes differences BETWEEN subjects of different ages to generalize about developmental changes that would occur WITHIN subjects as they mature.
What is the experiment first-and-explain-later approach?
INDUCTIVE METHOD!
