Fluency Flashcards
In selecting the fluency-shaping technique, clinicians should consider that it :
a. often leads to relapse of stuttering
b. is known to promote long-term maintenance of fluency
c. does not induce unnatural prosodic features
d. requires only a single target skill to be taught
e. is the most effective treatment available for preschoolers.
A. OFTEN LEADS TO THE RELAPSE OF STUTTERING
Which model contends that a child who is unable to cope with the expectations of fluent speech production may begin to stutter?
DEMANDS AND CAPACITIES MODEL
T or F: The use of an experimental and a control group is characteristic of a single-subject experimental design.
FALSE!!!
Single-subject design facts:
Repeated measures of behaviors before a treatment is administered
Intensive study of a few individuals
ABSENCE of a control group
ABSENCE of statistical analysis in most cases.
Bloodstein suggested that stuttering is ….
a response to tension and speech fragmentation!
Wendell Johnson claimed that stuttering is a ________
CULTURALLY DETERMINED DISORDER.
- stated that societies and cultures that place a heavy emphasis on verbal skills have higher prevalence of stuttering!!
- studied native americans
Preschool children’s tend to occur on ________ words and they tend to exhibit many __________repetitions.
FUNCTION!!!
Whole word!!!
What is the consistency effect?
The occurrence of stuttering on the SAME WORD OR LOCI when a passage is READ ALOUD REPEATEDLY!
What is the adaptation effect?
Systematic reduction in frequency of stuttering when a SHORT PRINTED PASSAGE IS REPEATEDLY READ ALOUD!
What is the adjacency effect?
Occurrence of NEW STUTTERING on words that surround previously stuttered words.
What is the audience effect?
Frequency of stuttering INCREASES WITH AN INCREASE OF AUDIENCE SIZE!
Stuttering as an operant behavior suggests….
Stuttering is learned by its consequences!!!
Stuttering due to a classically conditioned NEGATIVE EMOTION was suggested by….
BRUTTEN & SHOEMAKER
Stuttering as a AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR was suggested by….it includes _____theory.
WENDELL JOHNSON
Diagnosogenic theory which states when parents punish child’s disfluencies they create an avoidace, apprehensive, anticipatory behavior which induces stuttering!
The position that stuttering indicates a SOCIAL ROLE CONFLICT was taken by….
SHEENAN
