Research Report (For Quiz 2) Flashcards
the systematic investigations into study of a natural phenomena or materials or sources or existing condition of the society in order to identify facts or to get additional information and derive new conclusions.
IMPORTANT
RESEARCH
contains an informative title that describes the content of the paper, the name of author/s, addresses or affiliations, and date of submission.
IMPORTANT
Title Page
- contains the summary of the research findings and conclusions.
- It briefly presents the context of the study, research questions or objectives, methodology, major findings, conclusions, and sometimes implications.
IMPORTANT
Abstract
- explains the current state of the field and identifies research gaps.
IMPORTANT
Introduction
- describes how the experiments or tests in the research were conducted.
- It presents the context within which the study was conducted, the participants, the instruments used, data gathering procedure, and the data analysis.
IMPORTANT
METHODOLOGY
This section describes the overall research design that was used, such as experimental, correlational, survey, case study, or ethnographic. It should explain why this design was chosen and how it aligns with the research questions or hypotheses.
Research Design
This section provides a description of the ____ or sample that was used in the study, including information such as the number of participants, their demographics (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity), recruitment procedures, and any inclusion/exclusion criteria.
Participants
- This section describes the specific methods used to collect data, such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or observation. - It should explain why these methods were chosen and how they were administered.
Data Collection Method
This section describes the statistical methods used to analyze the data, including information such as the software used, the type of analysis (e.g., descriptive, inferential), and any assumptions that were made.
Data analysis methods
Mean, median, and mode are three common measures of central tendency used in ____. They describe the typical or central value of a dataset.
Descriptive Statistics
- Mean: The mean, also known as the arithmetic mean or average, is calculated by adding up all the values in a dataset and dividing by the total number of values. It is affected by outliers and can be misleading if the dataset is not normally distributed.
- Median: The median is the middle value in a dataset when the values are arranged in order of magnitude. It is not affected by outliers and is a good measure of central tendency for skewed datasets.
- The mode is the value in a dataset that occurs most frequently. It is useful for categorical data and can be used for any type of data, including continuous data.
Measures of Central Tendency
also known as the arithmetic mean or average, is calculated by adding up all the values in a dataset and dividing by the total number of values.
Mean
is the middle value in a dataset when the values are arranged in order of magnitude.
Median
This section describes any ____ that were addressed in the study, such as informed consent, confidentiality, and participant protection.
Ethical considerations
This section identifies any ____ or weaknesses of the study, and explains how they were addressed. This could include issues such as sample size, response rates, or measurement validity.
Limitations
- The ____ section of a research report typically presents the findings of the study based on the data that was collected and analyzed. The purpose of this section is to provide a clear and concise summary of the results, as well as their significance and implications.
- using tables, graphs, and charts to illustrate the data.
- The ____ section should also include an interpretation of the findings
IMPORTANT
RESULTS
The ____ section of a research report is where the researcher interprets and analyzes the results of the study in relation to the research question or problem.
IMPORTANT
DISCUSSION
Contains the restatement of the major findings, the limitations of the study, the recommendations, and the implications.
IMPORTANT
CONCLUSION
refers to suggestions or advice given to someone who is looking to conduct research on a specific topic or area.
IMPORTANT
RECOMMENDATION
contains the summary and synthesis of all available sources directly related to the study.
IMPORTANT
Literature Review
WHAT ARE THE 6 FUNCTIONS OF LITERATURE REVIEW?
JEPESR
- Justifies a research questions, method or theoretical and conceptual framework.
- Establishes the relevance of the topic
- Provides necessary information to better understand a specific topic or study
- Establishes a niche of the study
- Shows reviewers familiarity and mastery of the topic
- Resolves conflict among contradictory studies
- Purpose for writing literature review and the importance of the topic being reviewed
- Scope the review
- Criteria used for selecting the literature
- Organizational pattern of the review
Introduction
- Historical background
- Relevant theories
- Relationship between and among the studies, and how each study advance a theory
- Strengths and weaknesses of each paper
- Various viewpoints on the topic
Body
- Restatement of the main argument or thesis
- Main agreements and disagreements in the literature
- If stand-alone paper: conclusions; implications; and direction for future studies
- If part of a thesis or research paper: linking of the literature review to the research questions
- Overall perspective on the topic.
Conclusion
WHAT ARE THE 3 STRUCTURE OF LITERATURE REVIEW?
- INTRO
- BODY
- CONLCUSION
Quoting refers to using a source without altering it in any way; passages are used from a source word-for-word.
Direct Quotations
allows writers to convey the main ideas of a text or passage in their own words.
Summarizing
____ allows writers to express the meaning of an original passage in their own words.
Paraphrasing
are brief references in the running text that direct readers to the reference entry at the end of the paper.
In-text citations
consists of the author’s last name and the year of publication (also known as the author-date system).
APA in-text citation
what is PARENTHETICAL CITATION?
Last name and the Year of Publish is INSIDE the parenthesis
what is NARRATIVE CITATION?
The last name is OUTSIDE the parenthesis while the year is inside
- describes a situation or phenomenon
- surverys, questionnaires, interviews, and observation
Descriptive
determines the relationship between 2 or more variables
Correlational
used to investigate cause and effect relationship between variables
Experimental
investigate a single case
Case study
WHAT ARE THE 4 TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGNS?
- Descriptive
- Correlational
- Experimental
- Case study
is the value in a dataset that occurs most frequently. It is useful for categorical data and can be used for any type of data, including continuous data.
Mode
Provide a brief overview of the research problem or question that the study addresses.
Background
Describe the research design, data collection procedures, and data analysis techniques used in the study.
Methods
Summarize the main findings of the study, including any statistical analyses that were conducted.
Results
Discuss the implications of the study’s findings and highlight any recommendations for future research or practice.
Conclusion
Include a list of 3-5 key words or phrases that accurately reflect the content of the report.
Key words
summarized version of research
research report
6 Guidelines in Writing Literature Review
- Review the documentation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) that you will adopt and be familiar with its format in relation to writing a literature review.
What do I need to document?
- Direct quotations
- Paraphrases and Summaries - Choose and focus on a topic that you will explain.
- Determine the kind and number of sources you will be using. Will your literature review be exclusive to articles or will it include other documents? Will you focus on experimental studies or will you also include theoretical papers that explain a theory?
- Survey the available online databases relevant to your topic. These include Proquest, Science Direct, JSTOR, or Google Scholar. As much as possible, include only the references published by top journals and publishers.
- Use relevant keywords when searching for scholarly documents or article.
- Always evaluate the sources for coverage and currency. Include only those article directly related to your topic.
