research: qualitative research designs

Question 1

Seven types of Qualitative Research Design

Answer 1

• case study
• phenomenology
• grounded theory
• consensual qualitative research
• ethnography
• biography
• participatory action research

Question 2

Qualitative Research Design

Answer 2

A type of research that is concerned with how behavior occurs, uses data that is represented in words rather than numbers, and usually takes the form of interview transcripts, field notes, pictures, video, or artifacts. The sampling is usually not randomized like that of a quantitative study, and the research can be more exploratory, meaning a hypothesis is not being tested. There is also greater subjectivity as the professional counselor plays a key role in the research.

Question 3

Purposive Sampling

Answer 3

Also known as purposeful sampling; used primarily in qualitative research to obtain information-rich cases that allow for maximum depth and detail regarding a particular phenomenon. The types of purposive sampling are roughly 15, which might be listed as convenience, maximum variation, homogeneous, stratified purposeful, purposeful random, comprehensive, typical case, intensity, critical case, extreme or deviant, snowball, criterion, opportunistic, theoretical, and confirming and disconfirming case.

Question 4

saturation

Answer 4

In qualitative research, data collection reaching a point of redundancy—that is, the point where no new data refute findings of previously collected data

Question 5

focus groups

Answer 5

An interview method used in research that typically includes 6 to 12 participant members who can provide information and insight into a particular issue.

Question 6

participant observation

Answer 6

A role that researchers may play in observational research by which they both actively participate in the experience they are studying and observe the experience

Question 7

contact summary sheet

Answer 7

A data management tool used in qualitative research that provides a single-page snapshot of a specific contact, such as an interview or observation.

Question 8

document summary form

Answer 8

A data management tool used in qualitative research that is similar to a contact summary sheet but is used to document salient themes and reflections from unobtrusive data sources, such as newsletters or artifacts.

Question 9

data display

Answer 9

A data management tool used in qualitative research to present organized data in a table format or a figure containing interconnected nodes. Displays may be created for each participant (within-case display) as well as across a sample (cross-case display).

Question 10

inductive analysis

Answer 10

A common process among several research traditions that involves searching for keywords and potential themes from the data without significant preconceived notions of what theory or theories fit the data

Question 11

Trustworthiness

Answer 11

The validity or truthfulness of qualitative findings. The four components of trustworthiness are (a) credibility (the “believability” of your findings), (b) transferability (the degree to which data transfer to other contexts and participants), (c) dependability (the degree of consistency of results over time and across researchers), and (d) confirmability (reflects the fact that interpretation of the data is a genuine reflection of participants’ views).

Question 12

ten strategies for creating trustworthiness:

Answer 12

• prolonged engagement
• persistent observation
• triangulation
• peer debriefing
• member checking
• negative case analysis
• referential adequacy
• thick description
• auditing
• reflexive journal