Research on Macronutrients

Question 1

Define macronutrient

Answer 1

Nutrients that are required in large quantities as part of our diet

Question 2

What are the 3 macronutrients and the amount of energy they provide?

Answer 2

-Carbohydrates (4 kcal/g)
-Proteins (4kcal/g)
-Fats (9kcal/g)

Question 3

What are the different types of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

-Sugars (simple/refined)
-Starches
-Fiber

Question 4

What are fibers?

Answer 4

Type of carbohydrate that the body can’t digest

Question 5

What are the different types of fibers?

Answer 5

-Insoluble fiber (help food move by increasing the volume of intestinal content and attracting water in the intestines)
-Soluble fiber (dissolves in water and increases the viscosity of intestinal content

Question 6

What are the advantages of consuming fibers?

Answer 6

-Slow rise of blood glucose level (stable glycemia)
-Feel full for a longer time
-Better bowel movement

Question 7

What are the differences between lipids that come from plants and the ones that come from animals?

Answer 7

-Lipids from animal sources are not the healthiest
-Lipids from plant source are healthy and good

Question 8

What are the functions of lipids?

Answer 8

-Energy storage (adipocytes)
-Protection of organs from shock
-Insulation of the body
-Cell membrane composition (phospholipids)
-Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Question 9

What are saturated fats?

Answer 9

-No double bond between the carbons in the chain
-Solid at room temperature

Question 10

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 10

-Presence of double bond between the carbons in the chain
-Liquid at room temperature

Question 11

What is cholesterol?

Answer 11

-Type of lipid (waxy substance)
-Produced by the liver
Essential because
-Produce bile salts
-Produce steroid hormones
-Make vitamin D
-Cell membrane

Question 12

Define what essential amino acids are?

Answer 12

Amino acids that the body can’t produce and must come from the diet

Question 13

What is the difference between a complete and an incomplete protein?

Answer 13

-Complete: contain all nine essential amino acids that your body cannot produce on its own.
-Incomplete: lack one or more of the essential amino acids

Question 14

Explain how a vegan diet can still provide all amino acids to the body

Answer 14

-Complete plant proteins: quinoa & chia seeds
-Incomplete plant proteins: nuts, beans & lentils