Metabolic States of the Body

Question 1

What are calories?

Answer 1

Energy is measured in calories:
-Heat needed to raise 1 kg of water by 1°C
-Calorie (kilocalorie)
-Joules and kilojoules

Question 2

What is the ideal daily intake of calories?

Answer 2

-Daily intake 1500 to 2000 calories
-Extra 3500 calories = 1 pound of body fat

Question 3

What is metabolic rate?

Answer 3

Amount of energy consumed minus energy expended by the body’s chemical reactions

Question 4

What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Answer 4

-Daily energy expended at rest, at normal temperature, during postabsorptive state
-70% spent for basic organ function (i.e. heart beat)
-20% from physical activity
-10% thermoreguation

Question 5

What are the factors influencing BMR?

Answer 5

Not everyone is equal:
-Age: young vs old (lower BMR)
-Biological gender: males vs females (lower BMR)
-Body temperature: warm vs cold (higher BMR)
-Stress: higher BMR

Question 6

What is total metabolic rate (TMR)?

Answer 6

Energy needed to perform all body activities (voluntary or not)
Increases when:
-working out
-eating
-having fever
-being in a cold climate

Question 7

How can the energy intake of one person has a direct influence of his body weight?

Answer 7

-Caloric intake = output = stable weight
-Caloric intake > output = weight gain
-Caloric intake < output = weight loss

Question 8

What is obesity?

Answer 8

Excess of adiose tissue

Question 9

What is BMI?

Answer 9

Body mass index is a weight-to-height ratio

Question 10

How BMI can be used to determine if someone suffers from obesity?

Answer 10

-BMI = weight/height
-Obesity: 30.0 and above