Research On Duration Flashcards

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1
Q

Study for short term memory

A

Margaret and Lloyd Peterson (1959)

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2
Q

Method for Peterson and Peterson

A
  • Tested 24 students in eight trials each
  • On each trial, students were given a consonant syllable (eg. YCG) to remember
  • Then, they were given a 3 digit number which they had to count backwards from until they were told to stop.
  • This backward counting was to prevent mental rehearsal.
  • On each trial, they were told to stop after varying periods of time- 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 seconds (retention interval).
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3
Q

Results for Peterson and Peterson

A

After 3 seconds, average recall was 80%
After 18 seconds, average recall was 3%
Therefore, this shows that STM duration may be about 18 seconds, unless we repeat the information over and over again.

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4
Q

Study for Long Term Memory

A

Harry Bahrick et al. (1975)

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5
Q

Method for Harry Bahrick

A
  • Studied 392 American participants aged between 17 and 34
  • High school yearbooks were obtained
  • recall tested in 2 ways: photo-recognition and free recall
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6
Q

Photo-recognition test

A

50 photos, some from yearbook. Participants who graduation 15 years ago or less, were 90% accurate. Participants who graduated 48 years or more were 70% accurate.

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7
Q

Free-recall test

A

Recalled all the names from their graduating class without any prompts. Participants who graduated 15 years ago or less were 60% accurate. Participants who graduated 48 years ago were 30% accurate.

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8
Q

Findings of Bahrick’s study

A

Suggests that LTM may last up to a lifetime for some material.

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9
Q

Evaluation Peterson and Peterson

A
  • stimulus was artificial
  • Isn’t completely irrelevant was we do sometimes need to remember meaningless material such as PIN codes or phone numbers
  • Recalling consonant syllables does not reflect most everyday memory
  • Low external validity
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10
Q

Evaluation of Bahrick et al.

A
  • High external validity
  • Meaningful memories were investigated.
  • When LTM studies were conducted with meaningless pictures (Shepard 1967), recall rates were lower.
  • Therefore, Bahrick’s findings were a more ‘real’ estimate of the duration of LTM.
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