research methoods

Question 1

6 key types of research methods

Answer 1

Questionnaires
Interviews
Focus groups
Observation
Official statistic

Question 2

Validity meaning

Answer 2

How truthful it is

Question 3

MEANING OF AIMS

Answer 3

Aims are goal or objective someone wants to achieve

Question 4

Quantitave data

Answer 4

Data or information that contains numbers

Question 5

Primary data

Answer 5

Data obtained by yourself from your own research

Question 6

Qualitative data

Answer 6

Data or information that contains words and no number or statistics

Question 7

Secondary data

Answer 7

Using other people’s data or information to do a research

Question 8

What are ethical issues?

Answer 8

ethical issue is what’s right and wrong

Question 9

What are Observations?

Answer 9

Observation = watching people or systems to see what happens.

You don’t always ask questions — you just look, listen, and write down what you notice.

Question 10

2 types of observation

Answer 10

Direct observation
Indirect observation

Question 11

What’s direct observation?

Answer 11

Direct observation is when you watch things happen in real life, like someone using a computer.

Question 12

What’s Indirect Observation?

Answer 12

You watch recordings (like videos) instead of being there live.

Question 13

Disadvantages of observation

Answer 13

Takes time (you have to watch carefully).

People might act differently if they know you are watching.

Privacy problems — you have to be careful not to spy or make people uncomfortable.

Question 14

Good Things (Advantages) of observation

Answer 14

Real behaviour (not just guesses).

Spot problems people don’t notice themselves.

See details you might miss if you just ask questions.

Question 15

Why do we use Observations?

Answer 15

To see real problems (people might not tell you when something is wrong).

To understand how people actually behave, not just what they say

Question 16

e.g Qualitative Methods

Answer 16

Interviews
Focus Groups
Observations
Open-ended Surveys

Question 17

Advantages on qualitative data

Answer 17

Gets deep information (how people feel, what they think).

Helps you understand people better.

Can find new ideas you didn’t think of.

Question 18

Disanvantages on qualitative data

Answer 18

Takes a long time to collect and read answers.

Harder to compare answers because everyone says different things.

Question 19

Disanvantage of qualitative data

Answer 19

Takes a long time
Hard to compare
Hard to show clearly
Needs careful skills

Question 20

advantage of qualitative data

Answer 20

Rich detail
Shows proper deep feelings
Find new ideas

Question 21

what’s a focus group?

Answer 21

A small group of people talking about a topic while the researcher listens.

Question 22

Advantages of focus groups

Answer 22

Lots of ideas quickly because people talk and share.

See real feelings — people might be more honest when talking with others especially when they can relate to eachother .

Find new problems you didn’t know about.

Question 23

Disadvantages of focus groups

Answer 23

People might copy others’ answers (peer pressure).

One person might talk too much, others stay quiet.

Takes time to organise and run.

Question 24

what are interviews?

Answer 24

➔ Asking a person questions face-to-face, over the phone, or online.

Question 25

Advantages of interviews

Answer 25

Get detailed answers (more than just yes/no). Can explain questions if the person doesn't understand. Understand feelings and opinions better. Flexible — especially in unstructured interviews.

Question 26

Disadvantages of Interviews

Answer 26

Takes a lot of time to do and to write down answers. Expensive (need time, travel, maybe even recording equipment). People might lie to look good (called social desirability bias). Interviewer might influence answers by accident (body language, tone).

Question 27

Advantages of Official Statistics

Answer 27

Quick and easy to find — already collected. Covers lots of people — large samples. Often reliable — collected by trained workers. Good for spotting patterns over time (like crime going up or down).

Question 27

whats official Statistics

Answer 27

Data (numbers and facts) collected by governments or big organisations. Examples: Census, crime rates, school results, health reports.

Question 28

Disadvantages of Official Statistics:

Answer 28

Might be old Might not fit your research — made for other reasons. Could be biased — governments might not show all the bad news. No deep detail — just numbers, not feelings or opinions dark figure of crime