Research Methods - Types Of Experiments Flashcards
Quantitative
Research collected in numbers
Qualitative
Research collected in words
Laboratory experiment?
An experiment that takes place in a controlled environment
The researcher manipulates the IV & records the effect on the DV
Maintains strict controls of the EVs
Field experiment?
An experiment that takes place in a natural setting
The researcher manipulates the IV & records the effect on the DV
Natural experiment?
An experiment where the change in IV is not manipulated but is natural
The researcher records the effects on the DV
What is validity?
Refers to how accurately a study investigates what it claims to
Wether a result is ‘true’
Is it realistic?
What is reliability?
A measure of consistency & wether a measurement can be repeated
If a set of scales worked, it would give the same measurements each time
Strength of Lab Experiment
EVs can be controlled so can be confident that any change to DV is due to IV
Can use standardised procedures so experiment can be replicated
Weakness of Lab Experiment
Environment may be artificial so participants may behave different - can’t be generalised.
Strength of Field Experiment
Takes place in natural setting - produce realistic behaviour
Follows standardised procedures so controls some EVs
Weakness of Field Experiment
The increased realism means loss of control over some EVs.
Cause & effect is difficult to establish & replication is difficult.
Ethical issues - if unaware, can’t consent & invasion of privacy
Strength of Natural Experiment
High validity - involve study of real life issues (eg - effects of tornado)
Provide opportunities for research that may not be done otherwise for ethical/practical reasons (eg - orphans)
Weakness of Natural Experiment
No control over who participates (EV)
Naturally occurring events are rare - limits scope for generalising
