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A level - Sociology > Research Methods - Paper 2 > Flashcards

Research Methods - Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of sociology?

A

The study of society, social institutions, and social relationships.

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2
Q

True or False: Qualitative research focuses on numerical data.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: _________ is a method of collecting data through direct observation.

A

Observation

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4
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.

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5
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a qualitative research method? A) Surveys B) Experiments C) Interviews D) Statistics

A

C) Interviews

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6
Q

What does ‘validity’ refer to in research?

A

The extent to which a study measures what it claims to measure.

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7
Q

True or False: Secondary data is data collected by the researcher themselves.

A

False

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8
Q

What is ethnography?

A

A qualitative research method focused on studying cultures and communities through immersion.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The _________ variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.

A

Dependent

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10
Q

Multiple Choice: Which sampling method involves selecting participants based on specific characteristics? A) Random Sampling B) Stratified Sampling C) Systematic Sampling D) Convenience Sampling

A

B) Stratified Sampling

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11
Q

What is operationalization?

A

The process of defining measurement procedures for the variables in a study.

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12
Q

True or False: A case study is a detailed examination of a single instance or event.

A

True

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13
Q

What is a survey?

A

A research method that involves collecting data from a sample of individuals using questionnaires or interviews.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: _________ is the degree to which a study can be generalized to a larger population.

A

Generalizability

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of qualitative data? A) Text B) Video C) Numbers D) Interviews

A

C) Numbers

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a literature review?

A

To summarize and evaluate existing research on a particular topic.

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17
Q

True or False: Longitudinal studies collect data at one point in time.

A

False

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18
Q

What does ‘reliability’ refer to in research?

A

The consistency of a measure; the extent to which results can be reproduced.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: A _________ is a graphical representation of the relationship between two variables.

A

Scatter plot

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20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of research design is best for establishing cause-and-effect relationships? A) Descriptive B) Correlational C) Experimental D) Observational

A

C) Experimental

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21
Q

What is a pilot study?

A

A small-scale preliminary study conducted to test the feasibility of a research design.

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22
Q

True or False: Qualitative research is more subjective than quantitative research.

A

True

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23
Q

What is the main advantage of using secondary data?

A

It is often less time-consuming and less expensive than collecting primary data.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: In a _________ study, participants are assigned to different groups to compare the effects of a variable.

A

Experimental

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25
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the term for a sample that is not representative of the larger population? A) Random B) Biased C) Stratified D) Systematic

A

B) Biased

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26
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Non-numerical data that captures qualities, characteristics, and experiences.

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27
Q

True or False: A focus group is a qualitative research method involving a small group discussion.

28
Q

What is triangulation in research?

A

The use of multiple methods or data sources to enhance the credibility of research findings.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: _________ is a systematic way of collecting and analyzing data to answer research questions.

A

Research methodology

30
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a disadvantage of surveys? A) Low cost B) Limited depth of responses C) High response rates D) Flexibility

A

B) Limited depth of responses

31
Q

What is the purpose of informed consent in research?

A

To ensure that participants are fully aware of the research and agree to participate voluntarily.

32
Q

True or False: A longitudinal study follows the same subjects over a long period of time.

33
Q

What is a cross-sectional study?

A

A study that analyzes data from a population at a specific point in time.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The _________ variable is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment.

A

Independent

35
Q

Multiple Choice: Which method is best for understanding complex social phenomena? A) Surveys B) Experiments C) Ethnography D) Content Analysis

A

C) Ethnography

36
Q

What is the significance of sampling in research?

A

It determines the representativeness and generalizability of the research findings.

37
Q

True or False: Qualitative research can be used to generate hypotheses.

38
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary data?

A

Primary data is collected firsthand by the researcher, while secondary data is collected by others.

39
Q

Fill in the blank: _________ is a research method that analyzes existing texts and documents.

A

Content analysis

40
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the main focus of quantitative research? A) Understanding meanings B) Testing theories C) Exploring experiences D) Describing phenomena

A

B) Testing theories

41
Q

What is a research question?

A

A clear, focused question that a study aims to answer.

42
Q

True or False: A researcher using a qualitative approach is likely to use statistical analysis.

43
Q

What is a cohort study?

A

A type of observational study that follows a group of people over time who share a common characteristic.

44
Q

Fill in the blank: _________ refers to the ethical principles guiding research involving human participants.

A

Research ethics

45
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of qualitative data? A) Age B) Income C) Interview transcripts D) Survey results

A

C) Interview transcripts

46
Q

What is the aim of descriptive research?

A

To provide an accurate portrayal of characteristics of a population or phenomenon.

47
Q

True or False: Random sampling ensures that every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected.

48
Q

What is a meta-analysis?

A

A statistical technique for combining the findings from multiple studies to arrive at a conclusion.

49
Q

Fill in the blank: The _________ method is based on gathering information through structured questions.

50
Q

Multiple Choice: Which research method is characterized by the researcher being part of the community being studied? A) Observational B) Ethnographic C) Experimental D) Survey

A

B) Ethnographic

51
Q

What is a sample in research?

A

A subset of individuals selected from a larger population for study.

52
Q

True or False: Ethical considerations are not important in sociological research.

53
Q

What does ‘confounding variable’ mean?

A

An external variable that influences both the independent and dependent variables, potentially skewing results.

54
Q

Fill in the blank: _________ is when research findings can be replicated by other researchers.

A

Reproducibility

55
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a qualitative approach? A) Correlation B) Case study C) Regression D) Survey

A

B) Case study

56
Q

What is the role of a research proposal?

A

To outline the plan for a research project, including objectives, methods, and significance.

57
Q

True or False: Interviews can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured.

58
Q

What is the significance of ethical approval in research?

A

It ensures that the study meets ethical standards to protect participants’ rights and welfare.

59
Q

Fill in the blank: _________ data is often analyzed using statistical methods.

A

Quantitative

60
Q

Multiple Choice: Which sampling technique involves selecting individuals based on easy availability? A) Random B) Stratified C) Convenience D) Systematic

A

C) Convenience

61
Q

What is a longitudinal study?

A

Research that follows the same subjects over an extended period to observe changes.

62
Q

True or False: A control group is used in experiments to compare with the experimental group.

63
Q

What is participant observation?

A

A qualitative research method where the researcher becomes part of the group being studied.

64
Q

Fill in the blank: _________ is a systematic approach to understanding human behavior through research.

65
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a qualitative research method? A) Focus groups B) Surveys C) Ethnography D) Case studies

A

B) Surveys

A level - Sociology (5 decks)

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