Research Methods - Experiments Flashcards
Independent variable
Variable that is manipulated to see if it has an effect on the DV
Dependent variable
Variable that the researcher measures to see effect of the IV
Directional hypothesis
There will be significantly higher/faster/ more (DV) when ppts (one condition of IV) compared to (other condition)
Non directional hypothesis
There will be a significant difference in (DV) when ppts (one condition of IV) compared to when ppts (other condition)
Null hypothesis
There will be no significant difference in (DV) when ppts (one condition of IV) compared to (other condition)
Confounding variable
When a EV is not controlled and does affect DV
Lab experiment
Highly controlled
Researcher manipulates IV and measures effect on DV
Field experiment
Natural environment
Researches manipulates IV and measures effect on DV
Natural experiment
Takes advantage of naturally occurring IV
ENVIRONMENT DOES NOT HAVE TO BE NATURAL
Quasi experiment
Iv based in existing individual difference between people
Researcher has not manipulated IV
Researcher measures effect on DV
Independent groups design
Ppts take part in one condition
Each condition has different group of ppts
Group of ppts split into equal sized groups and allocated to each condition
Repeated measures design
All ppts take part in both conditions
Ppts complete one condition after a sufficient time lapse complete the other
Matched pairs design
Ppts are matched on important characteristics
Giving appropriate test and matching ppts with same scores and randomly allocating them to each condition
Systematic sample
Create a sampling frame to organise target population
Decide on system eg every 5th person
Choose until there is enough ppts
Stratified sample
Identify different sub groups
Calculate how many of each proportion you need for sample size
Chosen using random sampling
