Research Methods: Chapters 7 Flashcards
What is Population, Sample, and Census?
- A population is the entire set of people or products in which you are interested in.
- A sample is a smaller set taken from the population.
- A census is when the entire population is being tested/studied.
What are the Types of Samples?
- Random Sampling (Probability Sampling)
- Nonrandom Sampling (Nonprobability Sampling)
What is Random Sampling
Every member of the population of interest has an equal known chance of being selected for the sample, regardless of whether they are convenient or motivated to volunteer.
Explain Simple, Systematic, Stratified, and Cluster random sampling
- Simple Sampling is the most basic form of probability sampling. The researcher randomly selects a subset of participants from a population. (Completely Random).
- Systematic Sampling is selecting participants at regular intervals after starting at a random point on a list.
-Stratified Sampling is when the researcher purposefully selects particular demographic categories (strata) and then randomly selects individuals within each of the categories, proportionate to their assumed membership in the population. - Cluster Sampling is when participants are divided into arbitrary groups. Clusters of participants within a population of interest are randomly selected, and then all individuals in each selected cluster are used.
What is Nonrandom Sampling
Not all members of the population of interest have an equal and known chance of being selected for the sample. (Results in a biased sample).
Explain Convenience, Quota, and Snowball Sampling
- Convenience Sampling is the most common sampling technique. Uses samples that are chosen merely on the basis of easy to reach participants.
- Quota Sampling is when the researcher identifies subsets of the population of interest and then sets a target number (quota) for each category in the sample. Then, the researcher samples from the population of interest nonrandomly until the quotas are filled.
- Snowball Sampling is when participants are asked to recommend a few acquaintances for the study.
What is Self-Selection?
A type of biased sample in which the sample is made up of only people who volunteer to participate. (Not representative of the entire population of interest).
What is Multistage Sampling?
Multistage Sampling is when two random samples are selected: a random sample of clusters and then a random sample of people within those clusters.
What is Oversampling?
Oversampling is a variation of stratified random sampling in which the researcher intentionally overrepresents one or more groups.
What is Purposive Sampling?
When researchers want to study only certain kinds of people, and they nonrandomly recruit only those particular participants.
