Research methods and ethics Flashcards
Lab
Occurs when the IV has been controlled in an artificial environment.
✔ High control - reduces the effect of extraneous variables (variables that may have an effect on the IV) - good internal validity.
❌ Low ecological validity and probably low mundane realism
Examples - pretty much of all cognitive
Field
Occurs when the IV is not manipulated and is pre-determined (ie gender)
✔ High ecological validity and probably high mundane realism
❌ Low control - effect of extraneous variables may affect results - low internal validity
Examples - Cialdini () (?) and Kenrick and Gutierres ()
Correlation
Occurs when IV has not been manipulated (Maguire)
✔ Good at identifying patterns, easier to conduct
✔ better at generating hypothesis
❌ Correlation is not causation
❌ bad at testing hypothesis
Examples - Maguire (2001)
Quasi
Occurs when looking to see if a found correlation can be explained (Kobiella)
✔ Explains experimental patterns
❌ doesn’t give as much as correlational
Examples - ?
7 Ethical considerations
Privacy Confidentiality Protection from harm Informed consent Deception Debrief Right to withdrawal
Privacy
Participants must be protected from others gaining knowledge that they don’t already know (which could cause damage)
Confidentiality
Participants’ information must not be shared elsewhere
Protection from harm
Participants must not be harmed during the experiment (including distress)
L & P (1974), S (200?), etc
Informed consent
Participants must be fully aware of what they will do in the experiment
L & P (1974), etc
Deception
Participants must be not lied to
All cog, etc
Debrief
Participants must be told at the end of the experiment what the experiment was and what they did exactly
Right to withdrawal
Participants must be fully aware that they can leave the experiment at any time
