Research Methods Flashcards
What is independent measures design
Where the sample takes part in one condition
What is repeated measures?
Where the sample takes part in more than one condition
What is match pairs design?
Where the sample is matched on sample characters and put into a specific condition depending on their group
What is a self selected sample?
Where the target population reply to an advertisement
What is random sampling?
Members of the target population are selected at random to gather the sample
Strengths of random sampling?
- Everyone has an equal chance of being selected
* no experimenter bias
What is an disadvantage of random sampling?
- may end up with a bias sample
* no control over the sample
What is snowball sampling?
Where a member of your target population recruits people they know that fit the criteria for the experiment
Advantage of snowball sampling?
•good at recruiting participants that may be hard to contact. Eg. Drug users that may not want to come forward voluntarily
What is a Quasi experiment?
Where the groups are pre determined due to sample characteristics which can not be altered. Eg. Disabilities, age, gender
What is a laboratory experiment?
The experiment takes place in an unnatural environment in which variables are controlled to alter the independent variable and influence the dependant variable
What is a field experiment?
An experiment that takes place in the samples natural environment in which variables are at less control
What is a self report method?
One which the samples fills out themselves, usually in the form of a questionnaire compiling of rating scales, open questions and closed questions
What is an open question?
One that has the ability to be expanded on by the sample member, open to an extended answer with explanation and detail
What is a closed question?
One with few answers, with short answers. Eg. Yes or no
What is a positive correlation?
With an increase in the X axis there is a upwards correlationary increase along the Y axis
What is a negative correlation?
With a increase in the X axis there is a downwards/decrease in the Y axis
What is meant by ‘no correlation’?
There seems to be no connection between the variables
Give an example of a null hypothesis for the effect of weather (hot or cold) on an individuals mood
There will be no change in mood of the sample when the weather is at hot or when it is at cold
Give an example of a two-tailed hypothesis for the effect of puppy’s on the rating of happiness on a 1-10 rating scale (1 being sad and 10 being very happy)
There will be a change in the rating of mood from 1 to 10. 1 being sad and 10 being happy when there are puppy’s present and when they are not
Give an example of one tailed hypothesis on the effect of chocolate eaten on eye-sight when given an eye test
There will be higher scores on the eye-Sight test when given chocolate compared to the scores on the eye-Sight test when not given chocolate
What is time sampling?
The experimenters note relevant behaviours at time intervals. Eg. Every five minutes
What is event sampling?
The experimenters note relevant behaviours every time they appear
What are coding frames?
The experimenters use a coding system to note behaviours. Eg. A tally
What is 1.4468 to 2 decimal places
1.44
What is 40% of 200
80
What is 26% of 169
15%
What is the ratio 26:42 in its simplest form
13:21
