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Psychology GCSE - unit 1 > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Longitudinal study

A

Study carried out to show how behaviour changes over time

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2
Q

Case study

A

An in-depth investigation of an individual or a small group of an organisation

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3
Q

BPS guidelines

A

British Psychological society guidelines

Govern work of practising and research psychologists and psychology students in U.K.

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4
Q

Debriefing

A

At end of investigation researchers must make sure participants fully understand true aim of research & that they are happy to still be included

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5
Q

Mean

A

Add altogether and divide by how many there are

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6
Q

Mode

A

Most frequent occurring

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7
Q

Median

A

Middle value of set arranged in smallest to biggest

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8
Q

Range

A

Difference between lowest and highest

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9
Q

Anomalous result

A

A extremely high or low result which doesn’t match the other results

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10
Q

Percentage

A

Proportion expressed as a fraction of 100

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11
Q

Ethical issues

A

Points of concern about what is morally right

  • informed consent
  • protection from harm
  • deception
  • right to withdraw
  • privacy
  • confidentiality
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12
Q

Informed consent

A

Participants should be told about aim of study before they agree

U16 = permission from parent/guardian

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13
Q

Protection from harm

A

Physical and mental health of participants must not be at risk

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14
Q

Deception

A

Must not be misled about research

Participants must be informed asap

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15
Q

Right to withdraw

A

Participants must be able to stop taking part at any stage of investigation

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16
Q

Privacy

A

If being observed participants must be in a public place

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17
Q

Confidentiality

A

Must be impossible to identify participants from results

Must not know name, address, dob

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18
Q

Raw data

A

Scores collected in a study that have not been analysed or summarised

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19
Q

Ecological validity

A

Results of an investigation can be said to apply to real life behaviour

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20
Q

Objectivity

A

Not affected by personal biases

21
Q

Randomisation

A

Using chance to produce an order for procedure

22
Q

Instructions

A

Written/verbal info given to participants during experiment

23
Q

Control

A

Way of making sure procedures are the same when necessary

24
Q

Counterbalancing

A

Procedure for evening out the order in which participants complete both conditions of experiment

25
Q

Random allocation

A

Procedure for putting participants into conditions by chance

26
Q

Standardised procedures

A

Set order of carrying out a study that’s applied to all participants when necessary

27
Q

Participant variables

A

Differences between people who take part in study

May affect results of experiment

28
Q

Generalised

A

Results from sample can be applied to target population

29
Q

Representative

A

Sample of participants is made up of people who have the same characteristics and abilities as target population

30
Q

Repeated measures

A

One group of participants

Same participants take part in every condition

31
Q

Matched pairs

A

Participants pre tested then marched into groups according to abilities

One member of pair takes part in one condition and other member of pair takes part in other condition

32
Q

Order effect

A

This occurs when participant’s performance in second condition of experiment is affected because they have already done first condition

33
Q

Participant

A

Person who is selected to take part in study

34
Q

Sample

A

Small group who represent target population and who are studied

35
Q

Target population

A

Where sample in selected from:

  • random
  • opportunity
  • systematic
  • stratified
36
Q

Random sampling

A

Every member of target population has equal chance of being selected

37
Q

Opportunity sampling

A

People who are members of target population who are available and willing to take part

38
Q

Systematic sampling

A

Every nth member of target population selected from a list

39
Q

Stratified sampling

A

Different subgroups in target population are identified

Then people are randomly selected from subgroups

40
Q

Cause and effect

A

Ability to establish a link between the independent variable and the dependent variable

41
Q

Population validity/generalisation

A

Ability to apply results to the target

42
Q

Practical application

A

When a psychological concept has been applied to the real world to help people. This can be a treatment or help them recall info.

43
Q

Practical implication

A

When psychological concept has been applied to the real world to help people, but has issues surrounding it, this can include broken ethical guidelines

44
Q

Repeated groups

A

Participants take part in both conditions

45
Q

Independent groups

A

Two or more groups - each group experiences one condition once

46
Q

Matched pairs

A

Very similar pairs assigned different treatments

47
Q

Laboratory experiment

A

Carried out in an artificial setting, the independent variable is manipulated

48
Q

Field experiment

A

Carried out in a natural setting but the independent variable is still manipulated

49
Q

Natural experiment

A

Carried out in a natural setting, the independent variable is naturally occurring

Psychology GCSE - unit 1 (4 decks)

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