Memory Flashcards
Storage
Info kept within our memory until it is needed again
Retrieval
Ability to recover info which has been stored
Duration
How long info can stay within a memory store
Can be from seconds to a life time
Capacity
How much info can be stored within a memory store
Can be from a few items to unlimited
Multi-store
The idea info passes through a series of memory stores
Acoustic
Encoding info in terms of how it sounds
Semantic
Encoding info in terms of what it means
Rehearsal
A technique used to move info from one store in the multi-store explanation to the next
Sensory memory
Amount of info which can be held is very limited, held very brief for a few seconds
Short term memory
This store holds 7 chunks of information for less than a minute if not rehearsed
Info encoded acoustically
Long term memory
Can hold a vast amount of info for a very long time
Encoded by meaning
Multi-store model of memory
Sensory
{acoustic encoding}
Short term
{semantic encoding}
Long termRecency effect
Info received later is recalled better than earlier info
Primacy effect
First info received is recalled better than subsequent info
Levels of processing
The depth at which info is thought about when trying to learn it
Structural processing
Thinking about physical appearance of words to be learnt
Phonetic processing
Thinking about sounds of words to be learnt
Semantic processing
Thinking about meaning of words to be learnt
Encoding
The way info is changed into a code so it can be remembered
Reconstructive memory
Altering our recollection of things so that they make more sense to us
Interference
Refers to things that we have learnt that make it difficult to recall other info that we have learnt
Retroactive interference
When info we have recently learnt obstructs our ability to recall info we learn previously
Proactive interference
When the info we have already learnt obstructs our ability to recall new info
Context
The general setting/environment in which activities happen
Anterograde amnesia
People are unable to learn new info after suffering from brain damage
Retrograde amnesia
People are unable to remember info about their life before bran damage occurred
Hippocampus
Brain structure crucial for memory
Eyewitness
Someone who has identified someone committing a crime and provides this evidence in a court of law
Reliability
The extent to which an eyewitness testimony can be regarded as accurate
Leading question
A type of question which hints to a certain answer
