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psychology paper 1 > research methods > Flashcards

research methods Flashcards

1
Q

hypothesis

A

predicts what we expect to find

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2
Q

independant variable

A

the variabole that the reseracher changes

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3
Q

dependant variable

A

the variable that the researcher measure to see if the IV has affected it

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4
Q

extraneous variable

A

the variable other than the IV that might affect the DV if they’re not controlled

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5
Q

the null hypothesis

A

states that there is no effect between the two things being studied

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6
Q

the alternate hypothesis

A

states that there is an affect between 2 things

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7
Q

operationalising

A

means defining how a concept or variable will be measured or manipulated in a specific study

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8
Q

randomisation

A

is using chance during the design of an investigation, key ascpect are not decided by the researcher but by chance- to make sure there are no biases

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9
Q

random smapling

A

every member has an equal chance of being chosen

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10
Q

opertunity smapling

A

form the people who are available at the time

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11
Q

systematic sampling

A

picking at a set interval eg. every number 1

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12
Q

stratified smapling

A

classifying into categories and choosing form ecah category

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13
Q

lab expiriment

A

conducted in a highly controlled environment where every variable can be carefully controlled

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14
Q

advantage of lab expiriment

A

IV is really controlled

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15
Q

advantage of lab expiriment

A

can use standardised procedures

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16
Q

disadvantage of lab expiriment

A

may not be like everyday life

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17
Q

disadvantage of lab expiriment

A

participants know taht they’re being tested

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18
Q

field expiriment

A

the IV is manipuated in a natural more everyday setting

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19
Q

advantage of feild expiriment

A

more realestic than lab

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20
Q

advantage of feild expiriment

A

they follow standardised procedures

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21
Q

disadvantage of feild expiriment

A

researcher may loose contol of EV

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22
Q

disadvantage of feild expiriment

A

there may be ehtical issues

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23
Q

natural expiriment

A

the researcher takes advantage of a natural occuring IV therefore the researcher does not manipulate the IV

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24
Q

advantage of natural expiriment

A

they have high validity because tehy have real life changes

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25
advantage of natural expiriment
when the DV is measured in a lab there is high contol over EV
26
disadvantage of natural expiriment
the natural even may only occur rarley, so fewer oppertunities
27
disadvantage of natural expiriment
there may be inique cahrechtaristics of participants
28
expirimental design
how the participants are used in an expiriment
29
repeated measures
using soome participants in ecah conditions od the expiriment
30
indipendant group
involves using different participants in ecah conditions of the expiriment
31
matched pairs design
involves using different but similar participants in ecah condition of the expiriment
32
repeated measures strengths
- less participants required - less time consuming - less participant varibales
33
repeated measures weaknesses
- order effects, participnats may do better the 2nd time because of practice or they may do worse because they got bored (counter balancing)
34
independant group strenght
- no order effects - same test can be used
35
independant group weaknesse
- lots of individual differences - more participants required
36
matched pair strangth
- no order effects - participants are matched with someone similar
37
matched pair weakness
- very time consuming - expensive
38
demand charectarisitics
participants changing behaviour
39
informed concent
participants should agree to take part in the study and also know the aim of thr research
40
dealing with informed concent
should be issued with concent letter detailing all the info that might affect tgeir decesion to participate
41
deception
delebratley misleading or withholding information from participants about the true purpose or nature of the research
42
protection form harm
- leave study in the same state they entere in or better than when they arrived
43
protection form harm
-at the end of the expiriment participants should be given a debrief
44
protection form harm
- they will be told the true aim of the study
45
confidentiality
-our rights to have personal data protected - should not be able to identify participant form the research - personal data should be perotected with anonymity
46
structured interviews
a list of pre designed questions are asked
47
unstructured interviews
there is no pre determined questions
48
closed questions
has a fixed range of possible answers
49
open questions
repondant can write an individual answer
50
double barreled
more than 1 question asked at the same time
51
response rate
number of people who answered
52
leading question
questions trying tryung to influence an answer
53
case study
- an in depth investigation of a group or an individual - they are longitudinal, conducted over a long period of time - they produce a lot if deatil - follows 1 group over a period of time
54
case study strengths
- researchers are often ,ore open mimnded - best way of studying unusual behaviour
55
case study weakness
- focused on 1 individual or even so often cant be genaralised - they are subjective, researchers come to different conclusions
56
correlation
- the measurement of a relationship between 2 or more variables - represented as scattergraphs
57
positive correlation
as one variable increases the other increases
58
negative correlation
as one increases the other decreases
59
zero correlation
no relationship between 2 variables
60
correlation strenght
- tells us that 2 varibales are related - can be used to investigate complex relations
61
correlation weakness
- they dont show how the 2 varibales are related - no contorl of EV so conclusion drawn may be wrong
62
primary data
data collected first hand by the researcher
63
secandary data
data that was collected by someone else and existed prior to the research
64
primary strength
suits sim of the research
65
primary weakness
takes more time and effort
66
secondary strength
easy to access
67
secondary weakness
already conducted study may not quite fit what the reasearcher wants
68
qualitative data
information that is expressed in words
69
quantitative data
information that can be counted usually in form of numbers
70
qualitative advantage
- is valid - has lots of detail
71
qualitative disadvantage
-open to bias - difficult to analyse and summarise
72
quantitaive advantage
-easy to analise -can make compariosn between groups
73
quantitaive disadvantage
-lacks depth and detail not reflecting real-world complexity -lacks validity
74
reliability
a measure of consistancy - qunatitaive mehtods tend to be more raliable -qualitative ,mehtods are less reliable
75
validity
results to whether a result is a true reflection of real-world behaviour
76
mean
calculated by adding up all the numbers and dividing by the number of scores
77
median
the middle valuse in a set of scores
78
mode
the most frequently occuring value in a set of scores
79
range
the difference between the highest and lowest value in a set of scores
80
frequency data
shows how often somethign happns
81
bar charts
used when data is divided in categories
82
histograms
bars touch eachother = continuous

psychology paper 1 (4 decks)

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