Research methods

Question 1

TEACUP

Answer 1

Testable, empirical support, application, clearly defined, unbiased, predicts behaviour

Question 2

Internal validity

Answer 2

Lack of confounding variables

Question 3

Reliability

Answer 3

Consistency of measurement

Question 4

Validity

Answer 4

The extent to which the researcher measures what they claim to be measuring

Question 5

External validity

Answer 5

Can the findings be generalised

Question 6

Epistemological reflexivity

Answer 6

The researcher reflects on how the study was carried out

Question 7

Simple-blind procedure

Answer 7

Participants don’t know whether they are in the control or experimental group

Question 8

Bi-directional ambiguity

Answer 8

Correlational, no IV, relationship between A and B is uncertain

Question 9

Deception by omission

Answer 9

Participants aren’t fully informed

Question 10

Deception by commission

Answer 10

Participants are lied to

Question 11

CARDUD

Answer 11

Consent, anonymity, right to withdraw, deception, undue stress, debriefing

Question 12

Case study method

Answer 12

very detailed investigation’s of an individual or small group of people, usually regarding an unusual phenomenon.

Question 13

Inductive-content analysis

Answer 13

Qualitative research, analysing data and organising it into categories

Question 14

Longitudinal

Answer 14

Over a long period of time

Question 15

Cross sectional

Answer 15

Collecting data from a few participants in one point in time

Question 16

Types of triangulation

Answer 16

method, data, researcher

Question 17

Naturalistic

Answer 17

In naturalistic settings

Question 18

Snowball sampling

Answer 18

participant knows people is part of a community and tells others ab the experiment

Question 19

Random sampling

Answer 19

using a number generator etc. From a specified group

Question 20

Stratified sampling

Answer 20

based on the ratio of people with certain characteristics in society

Question 21

haphazard sampling

Answer 21

Man on the street technique

Question 22

Self-selected sampling

Answer 22

volunteer

Question 23

Reductionist

Answer 23

Single characteristics/factors are analysed

Question 24

Retrospective

Answer 24

looks back on past behaviours

Question 25

Prospective

Answer 25

evaluates future behaviours

Question 26

Participant bias

Answer 26

demand characteristics, reactivity phenomenon, social desirability effect

Question 27

Personal reflexivity

Answer 27

researcher reflects on their own biases

Question 28

Order effects

Answer 28

Fatigue effects, screw you effects, practice effects

Question 29

Independent sample design

Answer 29

the conditions are applied to one group

Question 30

Matched pairs design

Answer 30

conditions are applied to one group but the groups are equivalent in terms of the characteristic

Question 31

Repeated measures

Answer 31

Identical conditions applied to everyone

Question 32

Participant attrition

Answer 32

participant dropout

Question 33

YAVIS bias

Answer 33

Young, attractive, verbal skills, intelligent, successful

Question 34

WEIRD bias

Answer 34

Western, educated, industrialised, rich, democratic

Question 35

Correlational study

Answer 35

non-experimental, researcher doesn’t control or manipulate any variables, co-variables

Question 36

Covert observation

Answer 36

participants aren’t aware they’re being watched

Question 37

Overt observation

Answer 37

participants know

Question 38

Participant observation

Answer 38

researcher is part of the group

Question 39

Time sampling

Answer 39

Notes are taken systematically, specific amount of time e.g. 3 min

Question 40

Event sampling

Answer 40

Notes made everytime a specific behaviour occurs

Question 41

World cafe method

Answer 41

participants discuss a topic in a small group at a table

Question 42

Focus group

Answer 42

participants are asked Q in a group setting, they’re body language is also interpreted

Question 43

Unstructured interview

Answer 43

A casual conversation between the researcher and the participant

Question 44

Semi-structured interview

Answer 44

Researcher asks (open-ended) questions, but they can be asked in varying order, may add additional Q

Question 45

Structured interview

Answer 45

List of (close-ended) questions in a specific order, quantitative data

Question 46

Peak-end rule

Answer 46

Individuals recall past events based on positives and negatives, cognitive bias

Question 47

Generalisability

Answer 47

The extent to which the findings can be applied to different settings, external validity, evaluated by the researcher

Question 48

Transferability

Answer 48

Readers apply certain findings of the study in their life