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Psychology: What To Remember > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Chi squared

A

• Nominal data.
• When you are looking for a difference.
• When you have independent measures.

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2
Q

Mann whitney U

A

• Data that is at least ordinal.
• Looking for a difference.
• Independent measures.

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3
Q

Wilcoxon

A

• When we have at least ordinal data.
• Looking for a difference between groups.
• A repeated measures design.

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4
Q

Spearmans

A

• Data is at least ordinal.
• When you are looking for a relationship.
• Data provides a correlation coefficient.

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5
Q

What act for animal ethics

A

Animal Scientific Procedures Act 1986

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6
Q

How is Quant data gathered

A

Via experiments, questionnaires, obervations

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7
Q

Longitudinal

A
  • Long period of time
  • study development or change
  • can be observations, questionnaires, etc
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8
Q

Cross sectional

A

Short period
Snapshots
Independent measures or matched pairs
Can look at development
Can manipulate variables

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9
Q

What issues does cross sectional have that longitudinal doesnt

A

Cohort effects & ppt variables

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10
Q

Why is cross sectional better

A

Easier to repeat

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11
Q

P<0.05 meaning

A

Probability that results due to chance = less than 5% etc

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12
Q

Type 1/2 errors

A

1 False pos
2 false negatives

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13
Q

Grounded theory

A
  • systematic generation of theory from qual data
  • inductive method
  • key points in transcript marked w codes extracted from text
  • codes are grouped into similar concepts
  • categories are formed to basis a theory
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14
Q

Content analysis

A

CONVERTS QUAL TO QUANT
- Familiarise
- Identify themes
- Count how many

(Summative = count nums of specific words then look at where they occur eg who said them)

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15
Q

Types of sampling in observations

A

Event (tally)
Continuous (everything)
Time (after set intervals)

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16
Q

Pet scans

A
  • Brain activity
  • Radioactive glucose tracer
  • Brain uses glucose as energy source so gives off gamma radiation
  • Blue/green or red/orange
17
Q

fMRI scans

A
  • Look at activity & structure
  • Passed through magnetic field & radio waves
  • Effects blood depending on how oxygenated it is
  • We can see where is using oxygen
  • Can see how water molecules line up to see brain structure
18
Q

CAT scans

A
  • Structure
  • X-ray at different angles / slices
  • Compiles together for 3d image
19
Q

Thematic analysis

A
  • Analyse qual data
  • Inductive: themes come from data
  • Deductive: You have themes you’re looking for
  • Familiarise
  • Generate code
  • Search for themes in codes
  • Review themes (is it a pattern?)
  • Define & name themes
  • Final report
20
Q

Meta analysis

A

Journal articles (2ndary data)
Collect results
Analyse looking for trends/patterns/outliers

21
Q

DOT for social

A
  • Agency -> social impact
  • RCT -> Social Identity
  • Milgram -> milgrams variations
  • Sherif may develop on RCT as we see issues before conflict began
22
Q

DOT for Cognitive

A
  • MSM -> WMM (stm developed)
  • WMM -> 2000 addition of episodic buffer
  • HM -> Schmolck shows where semantic knowledge is in the hippocampus eg ALTC
23
Q

DOT Biological

A
  • Psychodynamic -> biological explanations eg hormones
  • Phineas gage -> Brain explanation
24
Q

DOT Learning

A
  • Pavlov -> CC -> W&R
  • W&R -> Phobia treatments
  • CC -> OC (can explain vicarious reinforcement etc)
  • OC -> Token economies
  • Bandura -> SLT
25
Q

DOT Clinical

A
  • Drugs developed from tricyclic acids to SSRIs
  • Cognitive explanation -> CBT
  • Biological -> Drugs
  • CBT -> ICBT -> Williams
  • Dopamine for sz now includes other nts
26
Q

Nature v nurture key terms

A
  • Nature
  • Nurture
  • INTERACTIONISM (both!)
27
Q

Gender issues key words

A
  • Androcentric
  • Gynocentric
  • Alpha bias (exag gender diffs)
  • Beta bias (minimise gender diffs)
28
Q

Science key terms

A
  • Reliability
  • Validity
  • Empiricism
  • Falsifiability
  • Reductionism
  • Cause / effect
  • Controls
29
Q

Reductionism key terms

A
  • Reductionism
  • Holism
  • PARSIMONY (We SHOULD reduce things to their simplest form)

Psychology: What To Remember (4 decks)

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