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Psychology AQA > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

Observing behavior in its natural setting without interference or manipulation.

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2
Q

Controlled Observation

A

Conducted in a controlled environment, often a laboratory, where variables can be manipulated.

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3
Q

Covert Observation

A

Subjects are unaware they are being observed.

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4
Q

Overt Observation

A

Subjects are aware that they are under observation.

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5
Q

Participant Observation

A

Observation study where the researcher actually joins the group or takes part in the situation they are observing.

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6
Q

Non-Participant Observation

A
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7
Q

Behavioural Categories

A
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8
Q

Event Sampling

A
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9
Q

Time Sampling

A
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10
Q

Give an advantage of using Participant Observation

A
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11
Q

Give a disadvantage of using Participant Observation

A
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12
Q

Give an advantage of using Non-Participant Observation

A
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13
Q

Give a disadvantage of using Non-Participant Observation

A
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14
Q

Give an advantage of using Overt Observation

A
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15
Q

Give a disadvantage of using Overt Observation

A
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16
Q

Give an advantage of using Covert Observation

A
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17
Q

Give a disadvantage of using Covert Observation

A
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18
Q

Give an advantage if using Controlled Observation

A
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19
Q

Give a disadvantage of using Controlled Observation

A
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19
Q

Give an advantage of using Naturalistic Observation

A
20
Q

Give a disadvantage of using Naturalistic Observation

A
21
Q

Empirical

A
22
Q

Random Allocation

A
23
Q

Variables

A
24
Q

Independent Variable (IV)

A

This is the variable directly manipulated by the researcher, for example the amount of caffeine induced in a study on the impact of caffeine on reaction times.

25
Q

Dependent Variable (DV)

A

The variable we believe will be manipulated by IV, for example reaction times in a study on the impact of caffeine on reaction times.

26
Q

Standardised

A
27
Q

Operationalised

A
28
Q

Replication

A
29
Q

Cause + Effect

A
30
Q

Ethica;

A
31
Q

Extraneous Variables

A
32
Q

List 5 Examples of Extraneous Variables

A

Materials
Understanding
Location
Time
Objectivity

33
Q

How might Materials (Physical Things) act as an extraneous variable in a study.

A
34
Q

How might Understanding (The participants understanding of the experiment or what they are expected to do) act as an extraneous variable in a study.

A
35
Q

How might Location (Environmental control, lighting, temperature, sound) act as an extraneous variable in a study.

A
36
Q

How might Time (Time allocated to do the task) act as an extraneous variable in a study.

A
37
Q

How might Objectivity (Bias on the part of the researcher) act as extraneous variable in a study.

A
38
Q

Define controls in a study.

A
39
Q

Null Hypothesis

A
40
Q

Alternative Hypothesis

A
41
Q

Directional Hypothesis

A
42
Q

Non-Directional Hypothesis

A
43
Q

Mean

A

The average. All answers added together, divided by the number of responses

44
Q

Median

A

The answer in the middle. Total frequency/2, then it is the answer that falls in this bracket

45
Q

Mode

A

The most common answer

46
Q

Negatively Skewed Distribution

A

The mode and median are both higher than the mean

47
Q

Positively Skewed Distribution

A

The mode and median are both lower than the mean

48
Q

Normal Distribution

A

The mode, median and mean are all approximately the same

Psychology AQA (10 decks)

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