Research Methods Flashcards
7 steps in Psychological Research
- Identify
- Formulate
- Design
- Collect
- Analyse
- Interpret and evaluate
- Report
Types of Data
- Primary
- Qualatative
- Quantitative
- Subjective
- Objective
Primary Data
Collected from the experimenter
Qualitative Data
Describes characteristics
Quantitative Data
Use of numbers
Subjective Data
Relies on personal opinion
Objective Data
Observed and measured from multiple people and same results found.
Types of Variables
Independent Variable
Types of Variables
- Independent Variable
- Dependent Variable
- Extraneous Variable
- Confounding Variable
Independent Variable
variable that can be manipulated in the experiment, so we can observe the effect on the dependent variable
Dependent Variable
The result from the independent variable (what’s being measured).
Extraneous Variable
The potential to affect the dependent variable
Confounding Variable
Variables other than the independent variable that had an effect on the dependent variable.
Types of Research Design
- Experimental Group
- Independent Group
- Repeated Measures
- Matched Participants
Experimental Group
Participants are exposed to the IV
Controlled Group
Participants not exposed to the IV
Independent Group
Split the participants in groups. One through controlled, one on experimental group.
Repeated Measures
Split the participants, and goes through both controlled and experimental groups.
Matched Participants
Go in pairs based on specific characteristics. One person on controlled and the other on experimental group.
Population
The group of interest to the study
Sample
A subset of the population (research participants)
Sampling
process through the participants for a study that is selected from the population.
Random Sampling
Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample
Stratified Sampling
population is divided into groups based on characteristics, and are selected from each group in proportion to how they appear in the population .
Convenience Sampling
using the quickest and easiest means possible, readily available from the population.
Types of Sampling
- Random
- Stratified
- Conveience
Results
- Conclusion
- Generalisation
- Reliability
- Validity; Internal and External
Conclusion
talks about whether the hypothesis was supported or not.
Generalization
Experiment result which can be applied to a wider research population size.
Reliability
Results are consistent and the results would be obtained from another researcher
Validity
extent to which the investigation measures what it intends to measure
Internal Validity
The changes in the DV are caused by the IV and no other variables
External Validity
results of an investigation can be applied in different settings, people and timing
Types of Ethical Consideration
- Confidentiality
- Voluntary Participation
- Withdrawal rights
- Informed Consent
- Deception
- Debriefing
Confidentiality
