Research Methods

Question 1

which methods do interpretivists prefer and why

Answer 1

qualitative as high validity

Question 2

define validity

Answer 2

how accurate it is in real world

Question 3

define reliability

Answer 3

consistency if tested again

Question 4

define representativeness

Answer 4

if it reflects whole population

Question 5

which methods do positivists prefer and why

Answer 5

quantitative
as reliable and respresentative
social surveys, structured questionnaires and official statistics because these have good reliability and

Question 6

What is random sampling

Answer 6

When a researcher randomly selects participants for research from a list or out of a hat. Every member has equal chance

Question 7

Who prefers random sampling abs why

Answer 7

Positivists as provided sufficient size representative

Question 8

What is opportunity sampling

Answer 8

Picked participants based on availability eg on a street

Question 9

Advantage of opportunity sampling

Answer 9

Practicality as it’s quick

Question 10

Disadvantages of opportunity sampling

Answer 10

Representativeness

Generalisability

Question 11

Advantages of random sampling

Answer 11

Practicality size
Representative
Generalisable

Question 12

What is quota sampling

Answer 12

Sampling frame is in social groups

To make sure there is specific elements like ethnic groups or gender

Question 13

What is stratified sampling

Answer 13

The sample frame divided into into social groups then random sample from each group

Question 14

What is systematic sampling

Answer 14

When researcher selects the nth person on sampling frame

Question 15

Advantages systematic sampling

Answer 15

If from randomised frame list it is representative

Question 16

Disadvantage systematic sampling

Answer 16

Under represent certain groups

Question 17

What is snowball sampling

Answer 17

Works like a chain eg chain mail questionaired

Question 18

Advantage snowball sampling

Answer 18

Large number
Quick
Easy

Question 19

Disadvantage snowball sampling

Answer 19

Not representative

Question 20

Are Questionaires quantitative or qualitative

Answer 20

M am be both but best as quantitative

Question 21

Questionnaires

Relablity abs validity strengths and weaknesses

Answer 21

Strength
Reliability can be tested again

Weakness
Lacks validity

Question 22

Questionaires

Representativeness strengths and weakness

Answer 22

Strength
Large samples

Weakness
Low response rates

Question 23

Questionaires

Practicality strengths and weaknesses

Answer 23

Strength
Cheap quick and easy

Weakness
Can be expensive

Question 24

Questionaires

Ethics strengths and weaknesses

Answer 24

Strength
Anonymous confidential consent

Weakness
Stress and discomfort

Question 25

Which theorists prefer Questionaires

Answer 25

Positivists

Question 26

Structured interviews one difference of strengths and weakness with Questionaires

Answer 26

All same but Researcher - higher response - time consuming abs Hawthorne effect

Question 27

Are unstructured interviews qualitative true or false

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Unstructured interviews strengths abs weaknesses of reliability and validity

Answer 28

Strengths High validity And verstehen Weaknesses Not reliable Hawthorne effect

Question 29

Define verstehen

Answer 29

Deep and true understanding of research objective

Question 30

Unstructured interviews strengths and weaknesses of representativeness

Answer 30

Weakness only Not generalisable

Question 31

Unstructured interviews strengths abs weaknesses of practicality

Answer 31

Strength Easy Weakness Time consuming Expensive Specialist skills

Question 32

Unstructured interviews strengths abs weaknesses of ethics

Answer 32

Strengths Support and comfort Weaknesses Not anonymous Stress and discomfort

Question 33

What theorists prefer unstructured interviews

Answer 33

Interpretivists

Question 34

What is the difference between participant and non participant observations

Answer 34

Participant researcher plays active part

Question 35

Covert observation they know they being researched true or false

Answer 35

False

Question 36

observation strengths abs weaknesses of reliability and validity

Answer 36

Strengths Validity Verstehen Weaknesses Subjective

Question 37

Is observation quantitative or qualitative

Answer 37

Qualitative

Question 38

observation strengths abs weaknesses of respresentative

Answer 38

NOT RESPRESENTATIVE

Question 39

observation strengths abs weaknesses of practicality

Answer 39

Strength Reaches HATD to reach groups ``` Weakness Time consuming Expensive Illegal activity Trust ```

Question 40

Covert observation strengths abs weaknesses of ethics

Answer 40

Weaknesses. Deception Illegal Risk of harm

Question 41

Overt observation strengths abs weaknesses of ethics

Answer 41

Strength Informed consent Weaknesses Hawthorne effect Risk of hatm

Question 42

Is observations preferred by positivists or interpretivists

Answer 42

Interprevisists

Question 43

EXAMPLE overt observation

Answer 43

“Gang leader for a day” | Organisation of gangs in Chicago housing estate

Question 44

Field experiments strengths and weaknesses of reliability and validity

Answer 44

Strength Reliability Weakness Hawthorne effect

Question 45

Field experiments are representative true or false

Answer 45

False

Question 46

Field experiments strengths and weaknesses of ethics

Answer 46

Strength Consent Weakness Deception Distress or discomfort

Question 47

Field experiments preferred by positivists trus or false

Answer 47

True