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Education Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what do feminists see the education systems role as

A

Gender Inequality
Patriarchy
Gender Based Subjects
Feminisation of Education
Hidden Curriculum

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2
Q

what do marxists see the education systems roles as

A

Ideological State Apparatus
Capitalism
Cultural Capital
False Class Consciousness
Correspondence Principles
Myth of Meritocracy
Hidden Curriculum

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3
Q

what is the new rights views on roles and functions of the education system

A

Collective Values
Social Solidatity
Responsible Citizen
Free Market
Competition
Marksetisation
Choice

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4
Q

define race

A

physical differences that groups and cultures consider socially significant

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5
Q

define ethnicity

A

refers to shared culture, such as language, ancestry, practices, and beliefs.

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6
Q

what is meant by minority in regards to ethnicity

A

a culturally, ethnically, or racially distinct group that coexists with but is subordinate to a more dominant group

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7
Q

what is meant by majority with regards to ethnicity

A

The majority isthe social group considered to have the most power in a particular place (and sometimes the most members).

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8
Q

give examples of things ethnic groups often share

A

share common history, customs, identity, language and often religion.

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9
Q

which ethnic groups over achieve

A

chinese and indian

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10
Q

which ethnic groups underachieve

A

pakistani
bangladeshi
black caribean
gypsy
white working class

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11
Q

what is meant by material deprivation

A

relates strongly to POVERTY – it’s a lack of things that money can buy

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12
Q

what is meant by cultrural deprivation

A

relates strongly to ATTITUDE necessary to succeed in education. This also links to parental attitude – where parents may be unwilling/unable to support school work – there may be a ‘culture clash’

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13
Q

list the 6 key sociologists in realtion to ethnicity and achievement

A

Guy Palmer 2012
linda platt 2012
tariq moore 2004
david mason 2000
wood et el 2010
john rex 1986

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14
Q

what fraction did guy palmer state when saying amount of ethnic minorities on low income

A

2/5

1/2 bangladeshi 1/3 black carribean 1/5 white

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15
Q

how much more likely are ethnic minorities likely to be unemployed compared to white

A

twice as likely

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16
Q

what order did linda platt 2012 list these ethnicities hourly rates highest to lowest

A

Chinese
Indian
white British
black African and Caribbean
Bangladeshi
Pakistani

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17
Q

helpful stat just read:
Swann report (1985)- social class accounts for at least 50% of the difference in achievement between ethnic groups

A

just helpful stat

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18
Q

what are the two ways durkheim states educational fufils positive functions

A

by promoting social solidarity
by teaching specialist skills

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19
Q

durkheims definition of social solidarity

A

the ties that bind people in society

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20
Q

durkheims two types of social solidatrity and there era

A

pre industrial era-mechanical solidarity- e.g working together agriculture

modern era- organic solidarity- bond on experience

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21
Q

3 education system promotes social solidarity with example and explanation for each

A
  1. passes on shared heritage–history and literature–students understand culture

2.communal gatherings–assemblies-values of community

3.social cohesion–enrichment/house systems–sense of unity

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22
Q

critisms of durkheim

A

marxists–passes on vales of ruling classes

british values marginalise minority ethnic groups

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23
Q

how does education support durkheims specialist skills

A

core knowledge-national curriculum
specialist knowledge– a levels
vocational skills– btec

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24
Q

why does durkheim express need for specialist skills

A

as post industrial there more need for specialist skills to keep up with the changing job sector

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25
Q

critisms of durkheim specialist skills

A

feminists- girls discouraged from certain subjects
skills shortage areas in uk – science

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26
Q

what does parson believe the education provides

A

secoundary socialisation

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27
Q

define metriocity

A

Meritocracy describes a society whereby jobs and pay are allocated based on an individual’s talent and achievements rather than social status.

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28
Q

4 ways parsons believe education system changes to secoundary socialisation

A

bridge home and society-value consensus
particulistic to universal veiws
ascribed status to achieved status
collectivism to individualism

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29
Q

how education system supports parsons 4 changes

A
  1. hidden or informal curriculum (value consensus) achieveed by sanctions
    2.universal views– has to follow norms and values of the school
    3.achieved– assessments
  2. indivualism–competition between students
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30
Q

what did david morre (2000) say (ethnicity and education)

A

puts its discrimination is a persistent feature of the experience of Britain’s citizens of ethnic minority. (Racism in wider society)

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30
Q

what did david morre (2000) say (ethnicity and education)

A

puts its discrimination is a persistent feature of the experience of Britain’s citizens of ethnic minority. (Racism in wider society)

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31
Q

define material deprivation

A

inability to afford resources that impact childs education

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32
Q

what did douglas 1964 home and school study show

A

material deprivation has an cumulative impact on achievement

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33
Q

what is material deprivation baesed off of in schools

A

Free school meals

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34
Q

stat how many people live in poverty vs how many get free school meals

A

34% poverty
13% FSM

35
Q

what % of ethinic minority groups in poverty

A

45%

36
Q

5 impacts of material deprivation and how effect

A
  1. lack of resources— dont have like revision
  2. part time jobs– less study time
    3.overcrowded accomdation— no study space
    4.diet—- attendance
    5.care responsibilities— attendance
37
Q

name 2 ways gov has tried to tackle material deprivation

A

FSM till year 2 universally
pupil premium
Sure Start

38
Q

describe new right view on education

A

believe schools should adapt to local needs, communities and over choice and range. Different values might be stressed in different areas, teachers may not need training, schools are more like businesses, they just need to attract lots of students in

39
Q

describe Althusser (marxists) state apparatus then link education

A

– repressive state apparatus
__ maintains rule of upper class by threat eg police
–ideological state apparatus
__maintains rule of upper class (burgeious) by controlling peoples ideas values and belief eg Media

education produces class inequality and it justifies class inequality

40
Q

describe Structural theory

A
  • see society as a structure which influences individuals to behave in orderly and patterned ways. Marxism is often referred to as a structural theory because it sees parts of society as linked together in a structure.
41
Q

describe Conflict theory . marxism

A

– Explains how power holds society together. There is an inequality of power and the ‘conflict’ exists between these groups in society as they compete with one another to meet their needs

42
Q

describe what willis experiment was (MARX)

A
  • used observations and interviews
    -to study group of working class boys ‘the lads’ that were disruptive
    -had an anti school sub culture
43
Q

What percent of boys sat a levels in 2017

A

45%

44
Q

In GCSE which gender more likely to get As

A

Girls

45
Q

What subjects do boys outperform girls

A

Science and maths

46
Q

Make 4 outer school factors that effect gender achievement (girls encourages them)

A

-feminist movement changing attitudes
-change in nature of work to for women
-changes in family life and structure
-media representation

47
Q

What did sue sharpe 1994 find in her study on working class girls

A

In 1994 girls put careers firsts and ambitious mainly due to changes in legislation in 1970s

48
Q

2 main legislation in 1970s that changed womens attitudes to work

A

Equal pay act 1970
Sex discrimination act 1975

49
Q

In school factors
Name 2 reasons boys used to out achieve girls

A

Teacher low expectation
Textbooks reinforce gender stereotypes
Boys dominating classroom
Girls worrying that illengience not attractive
Influence of career advice

50
Q

Name 2 reasons girls now outperform boys

A

Feminisation if education
Teachers focus on girls education where’s boys discipline
Labelling idea pupil
National curriculum more neutral

51
Q

What does Sewell 2006 say (feminisation of education)

A

Education has been “ feminised”
Teachers are overwhelmingly female
Boys then associate school with females
Provides role models for girls

52
Q

What does mitosis and Browne (1998) say (feminisation of education)

A

Girls have better organisational skills are perfectionist
Benefited by coursework yet still excelling even after it’s been reduced

53
Q

What does Charles Murray state about crisis of masculinity

A

Government welfare policies give boys option leaving school without qualifications and having no aspiration beyond unemployment

54
Q

How has crisis of masculinity impacted boys in a good way

A

Boys more determined get qualifications as no longer. Supply of jobs that don’t require them

55
Q

Make 3 out of school of factors that effect ethnicity and achievement

A

-language barriers
-language codes
-emphasis on education at home
-social class
-racial discrimination

56
Q

Name 3 in school factors that effect ethnicity and educational achievement

A

-ethnocentric curriculum
-ethnocentric structures (assemblies of Christian worship)
-racism
-labelling

57
Q

Describe Heidi Safia Mirza 1992 study about black female students

A

-studied 3 black girls
-key concept the myth of underachievement
-black girls in sample out performed rest
-evidence was found of negative teacher labelling but had op effect (self refuting prophecy)
- they may join anti school structures but they are pro education
- high self esteem

58
Q

Name at least one evaluation of in and out school factors to explain ethic achievement

A

1/ while family may have an impact as Indian and Chinese overachieve. Family’s show same values with Pakistani families and they do not perform well

2/ low achievers gypsy students might be due to low attendance along with material factors so more class than ethnicity

3/ issues like ethnocentric curriculum don’t explain boys underachievement

59
Q

Describe labelling theory

A

-by Howard Becker
- labels by teachers lead to self futility prophecy
-in school factor
-Might internalise labels leading to that being their master status

60
Q

What was the name of the system introduced in the butler act 1944

A

Tripartite system

61
Q

What was the aim for Butler act 1944

A

Reduce social inequality make education not based off of class

62
Q

What were the three routes in the tripartite system

A

Grammar;secondary modern and technical schools

63
Q

Define cream skimming

A

This is where good schools can be more selective and choose their own consumers and recruit high achieving middle-class pupils therefore middle class gain an advantage

64
Q

Define silt shifting

A

Is where good schools can avoid taking less able pupils as they are likely to get bad results and damage cause league table position

65
Q

Who argues that marketisation in education has created parentocracy

A

Mariam David

66
Q

Define Parentocracy

A

Rule by parents
Refers to the fact that due to increased competition and choice h parents hold power in education system

67
Q

What did Gettwitz say about parental choice

A

Study 14 London schools and found class differences in the way parents choose where to send their children to school characterises into three groups

68
Q

What were gertwitz three parent choosing types

A

> privileged skilled choosers-middle class parents use economic + cultural capital
disconnected local choosers — Working class parents his choices are restricted by the lack of economic capital
semi skilled choosers ——
Working-class but ambitious rely peoples opinions

69
Q

What was the aim of new Labour 1997 to 2010

A

Introduced a number of policies aimed to reduce inequality
main aim is to help disadvantaged students

70
Q

Who was Tony Blair

A

Labour leader in 1997 to 2010

71
Q

What type of schools did Tony Blair introduce

A

Academies funded by private businesses

72
Q

What are some things that Tony Blair brought into power

A

Free childcare for women to go to work
excellence in cities gave extra money deprived areas
Tuition fees uni students

73
Q

Name the three new new labour policies

A

Sure start program
reduce in class sizes
national literacy and numeracy educational action zones
aim higher program
educational maintenance allowance

74
Q

Describe educational maintenance allowance
Aim; details; pros and cons

A

Aim reduce inequalities in education longer

Details of payments for peoples is from income families to encourage it today in post 16 education they must attend 12 hours school week

Pros staying on rates improved by 5.9%

Corns expensive and doesn’t necessarily increase motivation

75
Q

Describe education action zones Aims and details

A

Aim was to retain higher levels from students in low income and reduce inequality

It was well under performing arts in education provided additional resources for example ICT

76
Q

Describe the aim higher program aimed details and pros/cons

A

The aim is to be more meritocratic on reduce inequality

A corn would be I didn’t have an effect on the rate

77
Q

Define the myth of parentocracy including a sociologist

A

Ball believes marketisation gives the appearance of productive but he argues that it is a myth in reality as gerwitz shows middle-class parents a better able to take advantage of choice and availability

78
Q

State 4 things introduced with the education reform act 1988

A

National curriculum
league tables
OFSTED
increased competition choice
formula funding
School diversity

79
Q

Who introduced educational reform act 1988

A

Margaret Thatcher conservative government leader

80
Q

What is social policy?

A

Action plans and programs by the government made to sort a problem

81
Q

What do education policies deal with

A

Equal education
selection and choice
Control of education
marketisation and privatisation

82
Q

What are gov aims for education

A

Economic efficiency
Raise education standards
Equality in meritocratic society

83
Q

What was the name of the system introduced in the Butler act 1944

A

Tripartite system

84
Q

Aim of butler act 1944

A

Reduce social inequality

Sociology (8 decks)

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