Research Methods

Question 1

What is IV and DV?

Answer 1

IV - something that is manipulated by experimenter to test the effect

DV - the measure outcome of the action of independent variables in an experiment

Question 2

Define operationalisation

Answer 2

Ensuring the iv and dv are in a form that can be tested

Question 3

What is independent group design ?

Answer 3

Different ppts are used in each condition of the iv

This is done by random allocation ensuing that each ppt has an equal chance of being assigned

Question 4

Evaluate independent groups

Answer 4

Ad:
Avoided order affects

Dis:
More time consuming and costly ( more people needed)

Individual differences between ppt may effect results e.g variations in age, sex, social background. ( ppt variables- extraneous variables)

Question 5

What is repeated measures?

Answer 5

The same ppts take part in each condition of the iv.

Question 6

Evaluate repeated measures

Answer 6

Ad:
Saves time and money ( fewer people needed as they take part in everything)

Dis: there may be order effects
- referring to the order of the conditions having an effect on the ppts behaviour. Performance in the second condition may be better (practice effect) or worse (fatigue effect)

Question 7

How do you deal with order effects?

Answer 7

Counterbalancing- researcher balances the order of the conditions for the ppts.

The order is changed in which the ppts preform the experiment e.g group 1 does A then B and group 2 does B then A

Question 8

What is matched pairs?

Answer 8

Ppts are paired + matched on age gender key features etc and then split and randomly assigned to different conditions.

Question 9

Evaluate matched pairs

Answer 9

Ad: 
Reduces ppt (extraneous) variables as the researcher has tried to pair up the ppts with similar abilities and characteristics. 

Avoided order effects

Dis:
Very time consuming

Impossible to match exactly unless identical twins

Question 10

Define hypothesis

Answer 10

A precise and testable statement of what you want to investigate

Question 11

What’s the difference between one tailed (directional) and two tailed ( non directional) hypothesises?

Answer 11

Directional Hypothesis
there evil be a change in one particular direction. = Only use If Preexisting research has shown correlation
e.g going on holiday reduce Stress

non directional Hypothesis -
the change can go either direction (up or dewn), e.g “Going on holiday well affect Stress
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