research methodology Flashcards
Four primary goals of science
description, prediction, control, explanation
description
what a phenomenon is
prediction
when it will occur
control
what causes it
explanation
why it occurs
scientific method
A systematic and dynamic procedure of observing and measuring phenomena, used to achieve the goals of description, prediction, control and explanation; it involves an interaction between research theories and hypothesis.
The interpretation of Dreams van Freud
Niet falsificeerbaar, onbewuste wensen kunnen niet worden getoetst en dus is de theorie waardeloos.
Leg uit waar de wetenschappelijke methode uit bestaat
theorie –> hypothese –> research –> theorie wordt wel of niet ondersteund
Occam’s razor/law of parsimony
Simpler theory is preferred
seven steps of scientific method
1: frame a researchquestion
2: conduct a literature review
3: Form a hypothesis
4. Design a study
5. Conduct a study
6. Analyze de data
7. Report de results
inferential analysis
Vraag je af of je een significant effect hebt gevonden
Redenen dat een studie niet gerepliceerd kan worden
Andere omgeving, cultuur of periode óf verkeerde onderzoeksmethoden.
Why is peer review important in the research cycle
It helps ensure that studies have been well designed, conducted in an ethical manner and address an important question.
Descriptive research
Research methods that involve observin behavior objectively and systemetically.
case study
a descriptive research method that involves the intensive examination of an aunusual person or organisation.
3 soorten onderzoeksmethoden
descriptive, correlational, experimental
3 vormen van descriptive onderzoek
case study, observational studies, self reports and interviews
participant observation
the researcher is involved in the situation
naturalistic observation
the observer is passive, serparated from te situation and making no attempt to change or alter ongoing behavior
self-report methods
methods of data collection in which people are asked to provide information about themselves, such as in surveys or questionnaires.
reactivity
The phenomenon that occurs when knowledge that one is being observed alters the behavior being observed
observer bias
systemetic errors in observation that occur because of the expectations of an observer
experimenter expectancy effect
The expetactions of the observer change the behavior being observed
correlational studies
A research method that describes and predicts how variables are naturally related in the real world, without any attempt by the researcher to alter them or assign causation between them