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Psychology- Cognitive > Research Method Key Terms > Flashcards

Research Method Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of independent variable

A

The variable that the researcher changes in order to see if it has an effect on the DV

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2
Q

Definition of dependent variable

A

The variable being measured in the experiment

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3
Q

Definition of extraneous variable

A

Any variables which could have an effect on the the results which isn’t the IV

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4
Q

Definition of confounding variable

A

Any extraneous variables high weren’t controlled and therefore have had an impact on the results of the experiment, confounding them

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5
Q

Definition of experimental group

A

The group of participants who are exposed to the independent variable

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6
Q

Definition of control group

A

The group of participants who don’t receive the experimental treatment. Often used to show effectiveness of the IV

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7
Q

Definition of lab experiment

A

A research method that takes place in an artificial environment which enables the highest level of control for hypothesis testing.

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8
Q

Definition of field experiment

A

Research method which is carried out in everyday/ natural environments. The IV is still able to be manipulated but it’s harder to control extraneous variables

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9
Q

Definition of observation

A

To watch or listen to behaviours in others

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10
Q

Definition of interview

A

A live encounter where one person asks questions to assess an interviewees thoughts/ experiences

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11
Q

Definition of questionnaire

A

Respondents record their own answers in written form to predetermined questions

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12
Q

Definition of correlation

A

A relationship between 2 variables

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13
Q

Definition of case study

A

An in-depth and detailed study of 1 individual, group or event.

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14
Q

Definition of objectivity

A

When the research process/ results isn’t influenced by the researchers personal emotions, personal opinions, or expectations. Eg brain scan

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15
Q

Definition of subjectivity

A

When the researchers results are influenced by their personal opinions and feelings, this is a form of bias. Eg interview

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16
Q

Definition of reliability

A

Ensuring that all procedures are performed the same so that results are consistent,accurate and comparable.

17
Q

Definition of internal validity

A

The extent to which a study establishes a trustworthy cause and effect relationship between the IV and DV.

18
Q

Definition of ecological validity (type of external validity)

A

How well the research findings can be generalised beyond the particular study due to the environment the research was carried out in

19
Q

Definition of mundane realism (type of external validity)

A

How well the task used in the experiment to generate results mirrors the tasks encountered in everyday life.

20
Q

Definition of predictive validity

A

The degree to which scores are related to performance

21
Q

Definition of generalisability

A

How well the findings of the study can be applicable to other people or settings. Eg small and un versatile sampling= low generalisability

22
Q

Definition of experimenter effects

A

A form of bias that affects the validity of experiments due to the researcher deliberately or unconsciously influencing test results

23
Q

Definition of demand characteristics

A

When participants change their natural reactions and behaviours (consciously or unconsciously) due to an awareness as to what’s expected of them in the experiment.

24
Q

Definition of counterbalancing

A

A procedure which is used to eliminate order effects when using a repeated measure design- conditions are performed in reverse to each other using structure ABBA

25
Q

Definition of order effects

A

When the conditions have an effect on the participants’ behaviour due to the order they’re carried out in

26
Q

Definition of randomisation

A

The process of forming groups of people in a random manner

27
Q

Definition of single blind procedure

A

When an experiment is carried out but the participants are unaware of what condition they’ve been assigned to- used to reduce demand characteristics

28
Q

Definition of double blind procedure

A

When an experiment is carried out but the experimenter and the participants are unaware of which condition they’re involved in

29
Q

Definition of confederate

A

When an individual is recruited by the lead experimenter to be apart of the experiment but undercover. For eg playing the role of a bystander, participant or team mate

30
Q

Definition of pilot study

A

An small scale, initial run through of the procedures to be used in an experiment

31
Q

Definition of placebo effect

A

When an improvement of symptoms is observed, despite using a non active treatment

Psychology- Cognitive (9 decks)

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