Research Method 3 Flashcards
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
Quantitative data is numerical and concerned with quantity, while qualitative data is represented in words and concerned with the quality of behavior or experience.
What are data collection techniques for quantitative data?
Quantitative data collection techniques include experiments, observations using behavior categories, and correlations.
What is an advantage of quantitative data?
An advantage of quantitative data is that it is easy to analyze, allowing for straightforward comparisons between groups.
What is a disadvantage of quantitative data?
A disadvantage is that it may lack external validity and fail to represent real life due to its narrower meaning.
What are data collection techniques for qualitative data?
Qualitative data collection techniques involve unstructured observation and interviews.
What is an advantage of qualitative data?
An advantage of qualitative data is that it has greater external validity, providing meaningful insights into participants’ views.
What is a disadvantage of qualitative data?
A disadvantage is that it is difficult to analyze, making comparisons challenging and relying on the researcher’s subjective interpretation.
Give an example of a question that generates quantitative data.
On average, how many hours does your child spend in nursery a week?
The answer is numerical.
Give an example of a question that generates qualitative data.
How has your child developed socially since being at nursery?
The answer is in words, explaining the participant’s expectations.
What is primary data?
Primary data is gathered directly from participants and is specific to the aim of the study.
What is secondary data?
Secondary data has been previously collected by a third party and is not specifically for the aim of the study.
What is meta-analysis?
Meta-analysis is a process where multiple studies on the same research question are reviewed together, and the combined data is tested statistically to assess effect size.
What are descriptive statistics?
Descriptive statistics are used to identify trends and analyze data sets using graphs and tables.
What is the median?
The median is the middle value in a data set.
What is an advantage of using the median?
The median is relatively unaffected by outlying scores.
What is a disadvantage of using the median?
The median may be unrepresentative as it does not take all scores into account.
What is the mean?
The mean is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of values.
What is an advantage of using the mean?
The mean is the most sensitive measure of central tendency as it considers all values.
What is a disadvantage of using the mean?
The mean is affected by outliers, which may skew the data.
What is the mode?
The mode is the most commonly occurring value in a data set.
What is an advantage of using the mode?
The mode is unaffected by outliers.
What is a disadvantage of using the mode?
The mode can be unrepresentative and may not exist if there are no repeated scores.
What is the range?
The range is the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a data set.
What is an advantage of using the range?
The range is easy to calculate.
What is a disadvantage of using the range?
The range can be distorted by extreme scores.
What is standard deviation?
Standard deviation shows the amount of dispersion from the mean.
What is an advantage of using standard deviation?
Standard deviation takes into account all values, providing a precise measurement.
What is a disadvantage of using standard deviation?
Standard deviation is more difficult to calculate than the range.
What do correlation coefficients show?
Correlation coefficients reflect the degree of correlation and indicate the relationship between two sets of data.
What is a positive correlation?
A positive correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases.
What is a negative correlation?
A negative correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.
What is a zero correlation?
A zero correlation indicates no relationship between the two variables.
