Approaches Flashcards
What do learning approaches include
Behaviourist approach and social learning theory
What does the behaviourist approach explain
Behaviour in terms of learning
What are the main ways in which we learn according to behaviourists
Classical and operant conditioning.
What is classical conditioning
- Learning through association.
- takes place when two stimulus are repeatedly paired together.
- through association the NS will produce the same response as UCS.
What does classical conditioning / association show
- Pavlovs research showed that dogs could be conditioned to produce saliva at the sound of the bell
- pavlov rang the bell at the same time as the dogs whe given food
- the dogs associated the bell ringing with the food and would salivate when they heard the sound.
What is operant conditioning
Learning by consequence.
What is reinforcement
Reinforcement are the consequences of the behaviour which increase the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated
What are two types of reinforcement
Positive reinforcement - gaining a reward such as praise from a behaviour
Negative reinforcement- when something unpleasant is being avoided such as an electric shock
What is a punishment
Unpleasant consequence of behaviour
Such as being given a detention
Punishment decreases the Chance of behaviour being repeated
What did skinners research show
Skinners research showed now rats learned to press a lever in order to gain food (positive reinforcement) and to avoid (negative reinforcement) being electrocuted.
Evaluate the behaviourist approach.
