Research Issues^ Flashcards
Investigator Effect
the researcher knowingly or not gives away the aim/answer/feelings so they change answers
contribute to demand characteristics
Pilot Studies
small trial of the experiment
- can make changes
- can see if it works
Single Blind Study
participant don’t know the aim/ conditions until end
- reduce demand characteristics
Double Blind Study
researcher and participants don’t know aim and conditions until end
- reduce demand characteristics and investigator bias
Control Groups
no control/ manipulation
- used as a comparison to changes
Randomisation
using chance to create order/ groups
used in independent groups
- avoids all similar participants in same group
Counterbalancing
randomisation
uses repeated measures to deal with order effect
do both conditions in diff order
Standardisation
briefing
instructions
debriefing
- give all details so there is informed consent, right to withdraw
Extraneous Variables
variables you know can affect results so try to control them during study
Participant Variables
type of extraneous variables
individual difference
- age, gender, intelligence, personality
Situational Variables
type of extraneous variables
features of the experiment
- time of day, temperature, weather
Confounding Variables
extraneous variables that change systematically with the IV
- changes of DV could be because of CV not iV
happen after study, but don’t account during study as you didn’t know
Hawthrone Effect
type of demand characteristics
act differently if they know they are being observed
please-u-effect
- changes power to please researcher
screw-u-effect
- under performs to sabotage the results
Social Desirability
type of demand characteristics
changes answer because they want to be liked or fit in
Internal Validity
Are we testing what we are aiming to test
Do we know for a fact the IV is causing the DV without EV’s interference
External Validity
The degree you can generalise your findings
