RESEARCH--EXAM 1 Flashcards
o Systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problems or answer questions
research
o Systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession
nursing research
♣ Use of best clinical evidence in making patient care decisions
evidence-based practice
♣ Things that impact evidence-based practice:
- Research methods
- Respect patient preferences
- Provider (the nurse) expertise
o Nursing decisions need to be based on ______
evidence
o requires research methods, and EBP
♣ Projects that are focused for one institution
quality improvement
♣ Established first nursing school
♣ Collected and evaluated data concerning healthcare decisions
• Used data to drive decisions!
o Florence Nightingale, 1850s
more broad
multisite studies
repeat search more than once
replication studies
ϖ Sources of Evidence for Nursing Practiceϖ Sources of Evidence for Nursing Practice
tradition authority clinical experience logical reasoning assembled information disciplined research
o gold standard
♣ Problem is that it is done on mainly high risk important issues
Disciplined research
♣ A world view; a general perspective on the world’s complexities
o Paradigm:
The two Paradigms
positivist assumption
constructivist assumption
♣ Reality exists
♣ There is a real world driven by natural causes
♣ There is truth out there just still looking for it
positivist assumption
♣ Reality is multiple and subjective, constructed by individuals
♣ There is not one answer out there but many, challenge is to appreciate there are lots of different ways of thinking about things
constructivist assumption
techniques used to structure and study and to gather, analyze, and interpret information
Research methods:
2 types of research methods
quantitative research & qualitative research
Quantitative research—most often allied with the
♣ positivist tradition
Qualitative research—most often allied with the
no numbers
constructivist tradition;
♣ Orderly procedures ♣ Prespecified plan ♣ Control over context ♣ Formal measurement ♣ Seeks generalizations (Description, Exploration, Prediction & control, Explanation)
quantitative
numbers
quantitative
♣ Dynamic design – depends on response of participants
♣ Holistic
♣ Context-bound
♣ Humans as instruments
• Understand all experiences are different
♣ Seeks patterns
qualitative
words, behaviors
qualitative
purposes of nursing research
identification and description explorations explanations prediction & control therapy, treatment or intervention diagnosis & assessment
o description focuses on the prevalence, size, and measurable aspects of phenomena
quantitative
o describes the nature, dimensions, and salience of phenomena
qualitative
- Begins with a phenomena of interest
- Examine the nature of phenomenon, manner in which it is manifested, and other factors to which it is related instead of describing it
o Including factors that may be causing it
explorations
______ methods can be used to explore the nature of little understood phenomena and to shed light on the ways in which a phenomenon is expressed
• Qualitative
• Seeks to understand the underlying causes or full nature of a phenomenon
explanation
• theories or prior findings are used deductively to generate hypothesized explanations that are then tested
quantitative
• – search for explanations about how or why a phenomenon exists or what a phenomenon means as a bias for developing a theory that is grounded in rich, in-depth, experiential evidence
qualitative
ex of prediction & control
- We can predict that a woman 40 years of age has a higher risk of delivering a down syndrome baby versus a woman 25 years of age
- We can partially control the outcome by educating women about the risks and offering amniocentesis to women older than 35 years of age
• In many ____ studies prediction and control are key goals
quantitative
o Seek to identify effective treatments for preventing health problems
• Therapy purpose studies
_____ plays a key role in EBP
• Intervention research
• Development of formal instruments to screen, diagnose, and assess patients and to measure clinical outcomes
diagnosis & assessment
o The use of study findings in a practical application unrelated to the original research
o Emphasis is on translating research findings into real-world applications
research utilization
starting point of research utilization
o = new evidence or a research-based innovation
CURN stands for?
o Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing Project (1970s)
♣ Aimed to increase nurses use of research findings by disseminating research findings facilitating organizational changes, and encouraging collaborative clinical research
CURN
begins with the research itself/emergence of new knowledge
research utilization
begins with a clinical question
EBP
♣ How can I put this innovation to good use in my clinical setting?
research utilization
♣ What does the evidence say is the best approach to solving this problem?
EBP
o Basing clinical decisions on research findings and other factors (patient preferences & experience of healthcare provider)
o Efforts to personalize evidence to fit a specific patient’s needs and a particular clinical situation
EBP
- Series of online libraries containing only systematic reviews
- Huge database of summarized literature
- Aim is to help providers make good health care decisions by preparing and disseminating systematic reviews of the effects of health care interventions
Cochrane Collaboration
Dr. Archie Cochrane proposed an ____ _____ for weighing evidence/making decisions
evidence hierarchy
♣ Evidence-based medicine pioneer at McMaster Medical School
o David Sackett
o Involve ranking evidence sources according to the strength of evidence they provide
o Ranking may depend on the type of question being asked
evidence hierarchy
