Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCE > Research and Program Development > Flashcards

Research and Program Development Flashcards

1
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The variable that is (HOPEFULLY) changed based on your experiment, the outcome variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Independent Variable

A

What is controlled, utilized, given in the experiement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parsimony and Occam’s Razor

A

Interpreting results in the simplest way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Confounding/Flawed Research

A

Multiple testing (seeing multiple counselors, receiving multiple treatments) that is not controlled for in the experiment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Basic Research

A

Advances our theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Applied Research

A

Advances our practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Control group

A

Does not receive the experimental treatment, no exposure to the independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypothesis Testing

A

Developing an experiment in order to explore a hunch or idea developed by R. A. Fisher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

States that the treatment or IV will not have an affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alternative Hypothesis

A

States that the treatment or IV does affect the outcome of the experiement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Between Subjects Design

A

Different subjects get exposure or lack of exposure to different things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In Subjects Design

A

One pool of subjects receive or don’t receive the treatment (pre-test post-test design)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parameter

A

Property that defines a sample (age, sex, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Probability

A

The likelihood that something will happen, also known as significance level, P for our field is generally .05 but can range from .000 to .01 and still be considered significant
findings or not due to chance, P can be translated into a percentage that describes the portion of the sample whose results were achieved by chance (i.e. .05 = 5% of the sample’s scores were obtained by chance – not your experimental design)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Type I Error or Alpha Error

A

Rejecting the null when it is true (saying there is significance in your treatment when there isn’t), increasing P levels will reduce this error, increasing sample size will reduce this error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Type II Error or Beta Error

A

Accepting the null when it is not true (saying there isn’t significance in your treatment when there is), increasing sample size will reduce this error, increasing P will increase the chance of this error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T Test

A

Used for two samples to compare means, you obtain a single t score and compare it to the critical t value based on the sample size and your significance level and if the t value you found is greater than the critical t you have significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

F Statistic

A

Used for more than two groups, represents and ANOVA test, same process used as with the t test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Two Way ANOVA or MANOVA

A

Used for more than two groups and more than one IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Correlation

A

Represents a relationship between two variables, ranges from -1.00 to 1.00, the closer to -1 or 1 the stronger the relationship, can have negative correlation or positive, a score close to 0 represents no or low correlation, strong correlation does not imply causality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Baseline Measure

A

Testing before any IV has been performed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Single-Blind Study

A

Either the researchers or the participants (but not both) are unaware of what group each represents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Double-Blind Study

A

Neither the researchers nor subjects know what category or group they belong to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Normal Curve

A

Bell shaped, mean, median, and mode all fall on the same line, 68% of scores fall in -1 to +1 standard deviation, 95% fall within -2 to +2 standard deviations, 99.7% fall into -3 to +3 standard deviations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Negatively Skewed or Left Skewed

A

Distribution with outliers towards the negative side of the x axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Positively Skewed or Right Skewed

A

Distribution with outliers to the postive side of the x axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Mean

A

Average of scores, most commonly used statistic, represented with X with a bar over it, strongly effected when dealing with a skewed distribution

28
Q

Median

A

Middle score

29
Q

Mode

A

Most common number/score, score obtained most frequently

30
Q

Bimodal Distribution

A

Has 2 modes or peaks

31
Q

Factorial Design

A

Has more than one IV

32
Q

Raw Score

A

Simplest view of a score, need more information to compare or evaluate the score

33
Q

X Axis or Abscissa

A

Horizontal axis where IV scores are recorded

34
Q

Y Axis or Ordinate

A

Vertical axis where you plot the frequency of the dv (deviation)

35
Q

Replication

A

Equates to increased reliability

36
Q

Range

A

Measures a spread of scores by subtracting lowest score from highest

37
Q

Scatterplot or Scattergram

A

Each score represents a point on the graph, can give a visual representation of correlation

38
Q

Variance

A

Measure of how scores are arranged around a measure of central tendency (mean, median, or mode), this is standard deviation squared (if SD for a sample is 4 then the variance is 16)

39
Q

Z Scores

A

The same thing as a standard deviation, also known as standard scores

40
Q

Platykurtic Distribution

A

Low, long, flat curve

41
Q

Leptokurtic Distribution

A

High, spiked, narrow curve

42
Q

Nominal Scale

A

Simplest type, catagorical (i.e. male, female, democrat, republican, etc)

43
Q

Ordinal Scale

A

Ordered scale (i.e. 1st, 2nd, 3rd most important, etc.)

44
Q

Interval Scale

A

No true zero, numbers represent true, distinct, equal distances (i.e. IQ score, temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit , etc.)

45
Q

Ratio Scale

A

Has a true zero, numbers are true, distinct, and equal distances (i.e. Kelvin, height, weight, etc.)

46
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

Researcher does not manipulate or control variables, just watches/observes/records

47
Q

Survey

A

Simplest form of research, need a 50-75% return rate to establish accuracy

48
Q

Placebo Effect

A

Showing an effect or reaction to a treatment that you believe you are getting but are not really beign exposed to

49
Q

Hawthorne Effect

A

If subjects know they are being observed, they tend to perform better

50
Q

Rosenthal Effect or Experimenter Expectancy Effect

A

If the experimenter provides other observers with information (they will excel or they will do worse, etc.) then the observers notice changes

51
Q

Halo Effect

A

When a trait which is not being evalutated impacts the observer’s rating

52
Q

Statistical Regression

A

Implies that the more a test is administered, the more scores will move to the central mean

53
Q

Standardized Test

A

Are normed and have specific proceedures for scoring and administering

54
Q

Counterbalancing

A

Changing the order that iv are administered

55
Q

Random Sampling

A

Made by change, every member of the population has an equal opportunity

56
Q

Stratified Sampling

A

Allows for specific characteristics to be represented in random sampling to mimic the overall population

57
Q

Cluster Sampling

A

Used when the population whole is not known, not as accurate as a random sample

58
Q

Horizontal Sampling

A

Subjects are selected from single socioeconomic group

59
Q

Vertical Sampling

A

Subjects are selected from two or more socioeconomic groups

60
Q

Systematic Sampling

A

Pulling every nth person from the sample (2000 in your population, you pull every 5th, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, etc)

61
Q

Parametric Test

A

Scores are normally distributed

62
Q

Nonparametric Tes

A

Scores are skewed

63
Q

Inductive Logic

A

From specific example to generalized

64
Q

Deductive Logic

A

From generalized knowledge to specific

65
Q

Standard Error of Measurement

A

Allows you to predict a person’s score if they were to retake a test

66
Q

Likert Scale

A

Numerical range that represents how someone feels or their opinion

NCE (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions