Research

Question 1

Research method

Answer 1

1. Research questions
2. Measurement
3. Research designs

Question 2

What does research question do

Answer 2

Determines everything else

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

Our best educated guess, based on previous research and theory

Question 4

Systematic observation

Answer 4

having a system/set of clearly defined rules recording a specific behavior

Question 5

Types of systematic observation

Answer 5

Naturalistic and structured observation

Question 6

Naturalistic observation

Answer 6

spontaneous behavior in real life

Question 7

Structured observation

Answer 7

creating a setting that is likely to elicit a behavior/variable

Question 8

Behavioral task:

Answer 8

creating a task that would produce a sample of behavior

Question 9

Self/parent report:

Answer 9

child’s/parent’s answers to questions about the behavior

Question 10

Physiological measuring:

Answer 10

measuring body reactions (heart rate, cortisol levels)

Question 11

Ways to measure variables (4)

Answer 11

1. Systematic observation
2. Behvaioral task
3. Self/parent report
4. Physiological measuring

Question 12

Types of bias in systematic observations

Answer 12

1. Observer bias
2. Observer influence

Question 13

Observer bias

Answer 13

noticing behaviors that support ones hypothesis and discounting the behaviors that do not support ones hypothesis

Question 14

Ways to counter observer bias

Answer 14

1. Blind observation and coding
2. Inter-observer reliability

Question 15

Blind observation and coding

Answer 15

not knowing what coding/conditions of experiment

Question 16

Inter-observer reliability

Answer 16

degree to which 2+ observers agree behavior is present

Question 17

Observer influence

Answer 17

participant bias that happens when participant changes their behavior as a function of being observed

Question 18

Habituation

Answer 18

Participants getting used to being observed - counter observer influence

Question 19

Reliability

Answer 19

how accurately a behavior is measured

Question 20

Validity

Answer 20

are we measuring what we aim to measure

Question 21

Issues with correlational studies

Answer 21

1. directionality issue
2. third variable issue

Question 22

Directionality issue

Answer 22

don’t know what variable causes the other

Question 23

Third variable issue

Answer 23

may be a third variable present you did not measure

Question 24

Independent variable:

Answer 24

what we manipulate

Question 25

Dependent variable:

Answer 25

what we measure

Question 26

Cross-sectional designs:

Answer 26

testing children of different ages at same point in time

Question 27

Longitudinal designs:

Answer 27

testing the same group children at different points in their lives

Question 28

Longitudinal-sequential designs:

Answer 28

sequence of samples that are studied longitudinally

Question 29

Types of age related studies

Answer 29

Cross-sectional designs Longitudinal designs Longitudinal-sequential designs