Foundational theories and themes of child development Flashcards
What is The biological perspective
Development primarily determined by biological forces
Maturational theory
Development reflects the natural unfolding of a pre-arranged biological plan
No impact of the environment
Ethological theory
Many behaviors are viewed as adaptive because they have survival theories
Darwin’s theory
Critical period
Time when child is ready and able to learn
Imprinting
Forming emotional bond between child and first moving object (usually mother)
3 components to personality
Id (primal desires), ego (rational decision making), superego (morality and societal rules)
Erikson’s psychosocial theory
Stages of development determined by conflict and overcoming conflict reinforces behaviors
The learning perspective
Genes and biology don’t matter. Experience is the most important aspect to development
Classical conditioning
Forming associations between stimulus
Not changing the behavior
Who created Operant conditioning
B.F. Skinner
Operant conditioning
changing behavior between positive and negative reinforcement and punishment
Who made observational learning theory
Albert Bandura
Social cognitive theory
Children can imitate behavior without reinforcement
Self efficiency
A person’s belief in their ability of a task will influence the likelihood of success
Who developed cognitive - developmental perpective
Jean Piaget
The cognitive-developmental perspective
Development reflects child’s effort to understand the word
The contextual perspective
Development determined by immediate and distinct environments which typically influence each other
Lev Vyotsky contextual perspective
believed adults convey to children the beliefs,customs and skills of their culture
Bronfenbrenner Ecological system theory
View development within set of nested interacting systems
