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Anatomy > Res > Flashcards

Res Flashcards

1
Q

NASAL CARTILAGES in external nose

A

.Lateral process of septal nasal cartilage
• Major alar cartilage
• Minor alar cartilages
• Accessory nasal cartilages

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2
Q

Skeletal framework of external nose

A

Nasal bone
Frontal bone, nasal part
Maxilla, frontal process

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3
Q

Piriform aperture (nasal opening) borders

A
  • Superiorly inferior margin of nasal bone,
  • Laterally nasal notch of maxilla,
  • Mid anterior nasal spine
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4
Q

Arteries of External Nose

A 
• Facial artery
– Lateral nasal artery
– Septal nasal branch of superior labial artery
• Ophthalmic artery
– (dorsal nasal artery)
• Maxillary artery
– (infraorbital artery)
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5
Q

Veins of External Nose

A

• Drains into facial vein and ophthalmic vein

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6
Q

Sensory innervation of external nose

A
  • Infratrochlear nerve – nasociliary nerve,
  • External nasal nerve– anterior ethmoidal nerve
  • Infraorbital nerve– branch of maxillary nerve
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7
Q

Motor innervation of facial expression muscles

A

Facial nerve

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8
Q

The anterior apertures of the nasal cavities are the…, which open onto …

A

nares

the inferior surface of the nose

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9
Q

The posterior apertures of nasal cavity are the …., which open into …

A

choanae

the nasopharynx

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10
Q

Borders of choanae

A

•Laterally, by the medial medial plate of pterygoid process
•Superiorly, by the body of sphenoid bone
.Medially vomer,
.Inferiorly, by the posterior margin of horizontal plate of palatine bone

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11
Q

NASAL CAVITY borders roof

A
  • Nasal bone,
  • Frontal bone,
  • Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
  • Body of sphenoid bone
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12
Q

NASAL CAVITY floor

A

palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone
• Bony palate, hard palate

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13
Q

Medial wall “Nasal septum” of nasal cavity

A
  • Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
  • Vomer
  • Septal nasal cartilage
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14
Q

Lateral wall of nasal cavity

A
  • Frontal process of maxilla
  • Lacrimal bone
  • Superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae
  • Perpendicular plate of palatine bone
  • Medial plate of pterygoid process
  • Superior nasal meatus,
  • Middle nasal meatus
  • Inferior nasal meatus (nasolacrimal duct)
  • Sphenoethmoid recess
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15
Q

Arteries of nasal cavity

A
  • Anterior ethmoidal artery and posterior ethmoidal artery (branch of ophthalmic artery)
  • Sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary artery)
  • Greater palatine artery (branch of maxillary artery)
  • Nasal septal branch (branch of superior labial artery)
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16
Q

What artery supply the roof of nasal cavity

A

Anterior ethmoidal artery and posterior ethmoidal artery

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17
Q

What does Sphenopalatine artery supply

A

conchae, meatus and nasal septum

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18
Q

What does Greater palatine artery supply

A

anterior regions of medial wall and adjacent floor of nasal cavity

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19
Q

What does Nasal septal branch purpose

A

anastomoses with sphenopalatine artery in nasal vestibule and supply nasal septum

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20
Q

Innervation of nasal cavity (nerves)

A

• Anterior ethmoidal nerve (branch of nasociliary nerve)
• Infraorbital nerve (maxillary nerve), anterior superior alveolar nerve, nasopalatine nerve and greater palatine nerve
.olfactory nerve

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21
Q

Secretomotor innervation of mucous glands in the nasal cavities is by

A

postganglionic parasympathic fibers emerge from pterygopalatine ganglion

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22
Q

Vasomotor sympathetic fibers also take place around the arteries that

A

supply the nasal cavity

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23
Q

Olfactory nerve is composed of

A

axons from receptors in the olfactory epithelium at the top of each nasal cavity. Bundles of these axons pass superiorly through
perforations in the cribriform plate to synapse with neurons in the olfactory bulb of the brain

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24
Q

4 PARANASAL SINUSES

A

ethmoidal ,sphenoidal, maxillary, and frontal sinuses.

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25
Q

Contents of infratemporal fossa

A 
 Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles 
 Mandibular nerve and its branches
 Maxillar artery and its branches
 Maxillary veins
 Pterygoid venous plexus
 Otic ganglion
 Inferior part of temporal muscle
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26
Q

Contents of Pterygopalatine Fossa

A
  • Pterygopalatine branches of maxillary artery
  • Maxillary nerve and branches
  • Pterygopalatine ganglion
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27
Q

The first part of the maxillary artery (Mandibular part) branches

A 
middle meningeal
inferior alveolar arteries
deep auricular 
anterior tympanic 
accessory meningeal
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28
Q

The second part of the maxillary artery (Pterygoid part) branches

A

deep temporal Posterior temporal masseteric, buccal,

pterygoid branches

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29
Q

The third part of the maxillary artery (Pterygopalatine part)

A

Artery of pterygoid canal Pharyngeal artery Sphenopalatine artery Infraorbital artery
Posterior superior alveolar a. Descending palatine artery

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30
Q

Connections of Pterygopalatine Fossa via pterygo maxillary fissure to

A

Infra temporal fossa

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31
Q

Connections of Pterygopalatine Fossa via sphenopalatine foramen to

A

Nasal cavity

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32
Q

Connections of pterygopalatine fossa via interior orbital fissure to

A

Orbit

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33
Q

Connections of pterygopalatine fossa via pterygopalatine canal

A

Oral cavity

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34
Q

Layers (sheaths) of cervical fascia:

A

 Investing (superficial) layer
 Pretracheal layer
 Prevertebral layer
 Carotid sheath

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35
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle origin

A

Sternal head: Upper part of anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head : superior surface of medial one-third of clavicle

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36
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle insertion

A

Lateral surface of mastoid process,

Lateral half of superior nuchal line

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37
Q

Innervation of sternocelidomastoid muscle

A

Accesory nerve and branches from anterior rami of C2 to C3

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38
Q

What muscle is responsible for tilting head towards shoulder on same side rotating head turn face to opposite side

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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39
Q

SUPRAHYOİD Muscles

A
  • digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • stylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
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40
Q

INFRAHYOİD muscles

A

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid

41
Q

Innervation of suprahyoid muscles

Digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniyhyoid

A

Digastric: mylohiod n from inf alveolar branch of mandibular nerve (v3)

mylohyoid: mylohiod n from inf alveolar branch of mandibular nerve (v3)
stylohyoid: facial nerve 3
geniyhyoid: branch from ant ramus of c1 carried along hypoglossal n (13)

42
Q

Innervations of infrahyoid muscles

sternohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid omohyoid

A

sternohyoid: ant rami of C1 to C3 through ansa cervalis
sternothyroid: ant rami of C1 to C3 through ansa cervalis
thyrohyoid: fibers from ant ramus of C1 carried along hypoglossal nerve
Omohyoid: ant rami of C1 to C3 through ansa cervalis
sternothyroid: ant rami of C1 to C3 through ansa cervalis

43
Q

TRIANGLES OF THE NECK

A

Posterior triangle

Anterior triangle

44
Q

The posterior triangle is bounded by:

A
  • the middle one-third of the clavicle,
  • the anterior margin of the trapezius , and
  • the posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid.
45
Q

Posterior triangle is separated into 2 triangles ?.. split by …

A
  1. Supraclavicular triangle
  2. Occipital triangle

Inf belly Omohyoid muscle

46
Q

Contents of root of neck

A
  • Subclavian artery and vein and branches
  • Cervical plexus
  • Sympathetic trunk
  • Prevertebral and lateral vertebral muscles (scalenus mm),
  • Cervical part of esophagus
  • Cervical part of trachea
  • Thyroid gland,
  • Parathyroid gland,
  • Carotid sheath,
  • Deep cervical nodes,
  • Thoracic duct,
  • Anterior jugular vein
47
Q

LATERAL VERTEBRAL MUSCLES

A
  • scalenus anterior m
  • scalenus medius m
  • scalenus posterior m
48
Q

CERVICAL PLEXUS (branches)

A

 Superficial,
 Deep
 Communicating branches

49
Q

Superficial branches:

A
  • Lesser occipital nerve (C2)
  • Great auricular nerve (C2, C3)
  • Transvers cervical nerve (C2, C3)
  • Supraclavicular nerves (medial- intermedial- lateral) (C3, C4)
50
Q

Deep branches of cervical plexus (motor fibers)

A
  • longus capitis (C1, C2, C3)
  • longus colli (C2, C3, C4)
  • rectus capitis anterior (C1, C2)
  • rectus capitis lateralis (C1)
  • levator scapulae (C3, C4)
  • scalenus medius (C3, C4)
  • sternocleidomastoideus (C2, C3, C4))
  • trapezius (C2, C3, C4)
  • inferior root of ansa cervicalis
  • Phrenic nerve
51
Q

Communicating branches

A

 Hypoglossal nerve,  Vagal nerve,

 Sympathetic trunk  Accessory nerve

52
Q
  • Dorsal ramus of C1:

* Dorsal ramus of C2:

A

Suboccipital nerve (larger than the ventral ramus)

Medial branch : Greater occipital nerve
Lateral branch

53
Q

BRANCHES OF SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY 1.part

A
  1. part:
    • Vertebral a
    • Internal thoracic a:
    • Thyrocervical trunk:
54
Q

Thyrocervical trunk:

A

– Inferior thyroid a
– Superficialis cervical a
– Suprascapulara
– Transvers cervical artery

55
Q

BRANCHES OF SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY 2 part

A

• Costocervical trunk

56
Q

• Costocervical trunk consists of

A

 Deep cervical a
 Supreme intercostal a
– 1st posterior intercostal a – 2nd posterior intercostal a

57
Q
  1. part: BRANCHES OF SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
A

Dorsal scapular a

58
Q

Subarachnoid sapace in scalp is filled with

A

CSF

59
Q

Arteries of scalf superior view

A 
Supratrochlear
Supra orbital 
Superficial temporal 
Post auricular 
Occipital art
60
Q

Veins of the SCALP

A

Same as artery

61
Q

Sensory innervation of the SCALP i

A 
Supratrochlear nerves 
Supra orbital nerve
Zygomatico temporal n
Auriculotemporal n
Lesser occipital n
62
Q

Sensory innervation of the FACE

A

• By the trigeminal nerve (V) 1. ophtalmicnerve(V1)

  1. maxillary(V2)
  2. mandibular(V3)nerve
63
Q

The muscles of the face are innervated by branches of

A

Facial nerve (7)

64
Q

Facial muscles

A

1- Orbital group 2- Nasal group 3- Oral group

65
Q

Arteries of the FACE

A

1- Facial artery
2- Maxillary artery
3- Superficial temporal artery 4- Ophtalmic artery

66
Q

Pharynx is split into

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
67
Q

NASOPHARYNX

A

• Pharyngeal opening of auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube
• Torus levatorius (levator veli palatini)
• Torus tubarius
• Tubal tonsil (Gerlach)
• Salpingopharyngeal fold (salpingopharyngeus)
• Pharyngeal recess
• Vault of pharynx (fornix
pharyngis)
• Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)
• Pharyngeal isthmus

68
Q

OROPHARYNX

A 
• isthmus faucium
• Palatoglossal arch
(palatoglossus muscle)
• Palatopharyngeal arch (palatopharyngeus muscle)
• PALATINETONSIL
69
Q

Arteries of palatine tonsil:

A
  • Tonsillar branch of facial artery
  • Ascending palatine branch of facial artery
  • Dorsal lingual branch of lingual artery
  • Ascending pharyngeal branch of external carotid artery
  • Greater palatine artery of maxillary artery
70
Q

Veinsof palatine tonsil

A
  • External palatine vein,
  • lingual vein,
  • pharyngeal venous plexus,
  • facial vein
71
Q

MUSCLE LAYER OF PHARYNX

A

• Constrictor muscles • Longitudinal muscles

72
Q

Laryngeal cartilages (9)

A
  • Thyroid cartilage (unpaired)
  • Cricoid cartilage (unpaired)
  • Epiglottis (unpaired)
  • Arytenoid cartilages (paired)
  • Cuneiform cartilages (paired)
  • Corniculate cartilages (paired)
73
Q

Laryngeal joints

A
  • Cricothyroid joints

* Cricoarytenoid joints

74
Q

Extrinsic ligaments

A

Thyrohyoid membrane
(anterior midsagittal; median thyrohyoid ligament
posterolateral; lateral thyrohyoid ligament)
Hyoepiglottic ligament
Cricotracheal ligament

75
Q

Intrinsic ligaments

A 
• Thyroepiglottic ligament
• Posterior cricoarytenoid ligament
• Fibroelastic membrane
– Quadrangular membrane
– Conus elasticus (cricovocal membrane)
76
Q

Cavity of the larynx

A

Laryngeal inlet Inferior border of cricoid cartilage
• Vestibule
• Laryngeal ventricle (between vestibular fold – vocal fold)
• Infraglottic space

77
Q

• Sensory and motor innervation of the larynx is by:

A

 Superior laryngeal nerves of CNX

 Recurrent laryngeal nerves of CNX

78
Q

Superior laryngeal nerves originate from

A

the inferior vagal ganglia high in the neck

79
Q

The external branch of superior laryngeal nerves

A

descends along the lateral wall of the pharynx to supply and
penetrate the inferior constrictor of the pharynx and ends by
supplying the cricothyroid muscle

80
Q

The internal branch of superior laryngeal nerves

A

passes anteroinferiorly to
penetrate the thyrohyoid membrane
it is mainly sensory and
supplies the laryngeal cavity above the level of the vocal fold

81
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

Sensory

A

to the laryngeal cavity below the level of the vocal folds

82
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

Motor

A

all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid**

83
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve originates in

A

the thorax

84
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve originates in

A

the root of the neck

85
Q

Both Right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves

ascend in

A

in the groove between the esophagus and trachea

86
Q

Both Right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves enter the larynx

A

deep to the margin of the inferior constrictor

87
Q

ARTERIES of larynx

A
  • Superior laryngeal arteries (external carotid artery)

* Inferior laryngeal arteries (inferior thyroid branch of the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery)

88
Q

VEINS of laryngeal

A

Superior laryngeal veins → superior thyroid veins → internal jugular veins
• Inferior laryngeal veins → inferior thyroid veins → left brachiocephalic vein

89
Q

Lymphatics above the vocal folds:

A

deep cervical

nodes

90
Q

Lymphatics below the vocal folds :

A

deep nodes associated with the inferior thyroid artery or

with nodes associated with the front of the cricothyroid ligament or upper tracea

91
Q

Trachea

A 
• C6 - T5 (Sternal angle)
(between cricoid cartilage and tracheal bifurcation is 10 -12cm)
• Cervical part 
• Thoracic part
(bifurcation of trachea) *** T 4-5
92
Q

carina

A

hook-shaped structure

93
Q

LUNGS

A
  • Apex of lung
  • Base of lung
  • Surfaces
  • Margins
94
Q

Margins of lung

A

Anterior border

Inferior border Posterior border

95
Q

Right lung

A
  • Azygos vein
  • Esophagus
  • Superior vena cava
  • Right brachiocephalic vein
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Cardiac impression
96
Q

Left lung

A
  • Cardiac impression
  • Groove for arch of aorta
  • Groove for descending aorta
  • Area for esophagus and trachea
  • Groove for subclavian artery
  • Left brachiocephalic vein
97
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments

A
  • Lobular bronchiole
  • Terminal bronchiole
  • Respiratuary bronchiole
  • Alveolar duct
  • Alveolar sac
  • Pulmoner alveolus
98
Q

The inferior margin of lung extends to

A

6th rib in the midclavicular line and to 8th rib in the midaxilllary line

99
Q

Posteriorly inferior level is at the

A

10th rib Ends on the level of T10 vertebra

Midclavicular - midaxillary - posterior (T12

Anatomy (5 decks)

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