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Anatomy > Chest Wall > Flashcards

Chest Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Structures of the thoracic wall

5

A 
Skin
Fascia
Muscles
Bones
Nerves and blood vessels
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2
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs of the main body cavities

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3
Q

Functions of the thoracic wall

A

Protection of thoracic viscera
Provides mechanical function of breathing
Affords attachment for the muscles of the thorax, abdomen, upper extremity and back

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4
Q

The biggest muscle in the front of the chest is …….and it takes origin from …..

A

Pectoralis major

The ribs

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5
Q

The thorax (chest) is

A

The region between the neck and the abdomen.

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6
Q

What separates the abdomen from the thorax is

A

Diaphragm

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7
Q

What separates the neck from the thorax

A

Suprapleural membrane (sibsons fascia)

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8
Q

Cavity of the thorax is divided into

A

Median partition

Lateral partition

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9
Q

The median partition is ….. but the lateral partition is ……..

A

Mediastinum

Pleurae and lungs

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10
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Thin membrane covering the lungs

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11
Q

The inner surface of the chest wall (ribs) are lined by

A

Parietal pleura

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12
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Sac between parietal pleura and visceral pleura

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13
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood in the pleural cavity

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14
Q

The bony part of the thoracic wall consists of

A

12 pairs of ribs and costal cartilages
12 thoracic vertebrae
Sternum

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15
Q

Ribs are ……

A

Flat curved bones with high resilience

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16
Q

Most of the thoracic cage is

A

Ribs

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17
Q

True ribs

A

1-7

Their costal cartridge is attached to the sternum

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18
Q

False ribs

A

8-10

There attached to the costal cartridge of the rib above it .

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19
Q

Floating ribs

A

11-12

Not attached to anything from the front

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20
Q

According to their relation to the vertebrae there are 2 types of ribs

A

Typical 3-9

Atypical 1,2,10,11,12

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21
Q

What is a typical rib

A

It’s attached to its own vertebrae + the one above

Eg: rib no 4 is attached to vertebrae 3 and 4

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22
Q

What is an atypical or non typical rib

A

Rib that articulates with it’s own vertebra

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23
Q

In typical ribs the … end is higher than the …. end

A

Posterior

Anterior

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24
Q

In typical ribs, the ribs run downwards while the… run upwards

A

CC

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25
Q

Parts of typical ribs 4

A

Head
Neck
Tubercle
Shaft

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26
Q

Head of ribs

A

Wedge shaped with 2 articular facets (to connect to 2 vertebrae), crest in between

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27
Q

Neck of ribs

A

Connects head to tubercle

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28
Q

Tubercle

A

Articular smooth and non articular rough areas

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29
Q

Shaft/ body

A

Angle & costal groove

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30
Q

The angle of the rib is

A

Between the posterior quarter of the rib that is cylindrical and anterior 3 quarters that are flattened and have upper and lower borders

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31
Q

Costal groove

A

Lower aspect of inner surface

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32
Q

Outer surface of shaft is ….. (convex/concave) and covered by ……

A

Convex

Muscles

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33
Q

Inner surface of shaft is …. and covered by …..

A

Concave

Pleura

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34
Q

TP

A

Transverse process

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35
Q

Tubercle articulates with

A

The TP it’s own vertebrae

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36
Q

What is in the costal groove

A

Neurovascular bundle

Intercostal nerves/ arteries/ veins

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37
Q

Ribs and costal cartridges from 1 to 7

A

Increase in length

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38
Q

Longest rib

A

7

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39
Q

From ribs 1-8

A

Transverse diameter of ribs increase

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40
Q

Greatest lateral production is in rib

A

8

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41
Q

When palpated from the front the lowest point is

A

Cartridge 10

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42
Q

The lowest cartridge

A

Cartridge 11

43
Q

Ribs from 1-9 increase in

A

Obliquity

ميلان

44
Q

The most oblique rib is

A

9

45
Q

What ribs have 1 facet on the head

A

10,11,12, 1,2

46
Q

Scalenus

A

muscles extending from the neck to the first and second ribs.

47
Q

Tubercle

A

Small rounded point of a bone

48
Q

Flat rib

A

Highest, shortest, flattest, most curved, most fixed rib. No angle, no costal groove

49
Q

All ribs have inner and outer surfaces but first rib has

A

upper lower surfaces. And inner outer borders

50
Q

What is in front of and behind scalene tubercle

A

Front : subclavian veins groove

Back: subclavian arteries and branchial plexus groove

51
Q

Vein groove is clearer and more superficial that arteries groove

A

Arteries have higher pressure

52
Q

Where is the scalene tubercle and what’s it function

A

Inner border of first rib

Place of scalenous anterior muscle

53
Q

brachial plexus

A

network of nerve fibres that supplies upper limb located above subclavian arteries

54
Q

Thoracic cage

A

Bony part of thoracic wall

55
Q

Articular

A

Related to the joint

56
Q

Groove is

A

long, narrow cut or depression in a hard material.

57
Q

Articular facets are

A

The facets on the head of the ribs

57
Q

Lowest point from the front is rib num

A

10

58
Q

Has one facet, no angle, no costal groove, most curved

A

Flat rib (first rib)

59
Q

Shallow groove for subclavian veins is …. to the scalene tubercle but groove of subclavian arteries is ….. to the tubercle.

A

Anterior

Posterior

60
Q

Relation of neck of 1st rib

A

Medially: inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion
Laterally: anterior primi rami of 1st thoracic nerve
In the Middle: superior intercostal artery

61
Q

In front of the neck of first rib … structure arteries and … nerves

A

3

2

62
Q

How do we stop hyprhydrosis

A

By cutting the sympathetic trunk

63
Q

Cervical rib

A

Extra rib from c7 vertebrae, could be boney or cartilage (ligamentous)

64
Q

Cervical rib is present in ..% on people and it’s side affects are

A

1

Pressure on structures, nerves and arteries that supply the upper limb.

65
Q

What does the pressure supplied by cervical ribs do

A

Tingling and numbness (partial paralysis ulnar side of forearm and hand)
Ischemic muscle pain (pallor coldness) (cold hand)

66
Q

Chest injuries are most common in … ribs and … area

A

Middle ribs 5-10

Anterior to the angle

67
Q

Air in pleural cavity

A

Pneumothorax jet black in x rays

68
Q

Blood in pleural cavity

A

Hemothorax

69
Q

Complications of rib fractures

A

Injuries to underlying structures

70
Q

Sternum

A

Flat vertically elongated bone that forms the middle anterior part of thoracic cage

71
Q

Parts of sternum from upper to lower with measurements

A

Manubrium 2inches
Body 4inches
Xiphoid process 1inch

72
Q

Handle of the dagger (of sternum)

A

Manubrium

73
Q

The manubrium lies opposite to …,…. thoracic vertebrae

A

3

4

74
Q

Notches in manubrium

A

1) Jugular (Suprasternal ) notch (on top in the middle)
2) Clavicular notch (لعظمة الترقوة) on both sides of clavicular notches
3) costal notches (for the first rib and for the 2nd rib on the cross section between manubrium and body)

75
Q

Manubriosternal joint

A 
Sternal angle (angle of lewis)
2ْ  fibro cartilaginous joint
Palpated
76
Q

What is angle of lewis opposite to

A

Disc between T4 T5

2nd costal cartilage

77
Q

Body of sternum is opposite to … while xiphoid process is opposite to…

A

T5-T9

T9

78
Q

Costal notches from 3 to 7 are in

A

Body

79
Q

Sternal puncture

A

Specimen of Bone marrow can be taken from sternum

80
Q

Why Sternal puncture efficive

A

Contains red bone marrow through life
Lies subcutaneously
Thin layer of cortical bone

81
Q

Sternal splitting

A

Splitting sternum longitudinally in cardiac surgery

82
Q

RTA

A

Road traffic accident

83
Q

Boundaries of superior thoracic opening

A

T1
1st rib
Manubrium
Oblique

84
Q

Boundaries of inferior thoracic opening

A

T12
11,12 rib
7-10 costal cartilage
Xiphisternal joint

85
Q

Xiphoid process is … (bone/cartilage)

A

Cartilage at birth but develops into a bone in the 40s

86
Q

4 joints of anterior thoracic cage and their types

A 
Costo chondral (1ْ cartilaginous)
Sternocostal joints (synovial plane except 1st)
Manubriosternal joint (2ْ cartilaginous)
Xiphisternal joint (1ْ cartilaginous)
87
Q

Muscles of thoracic wall 3

A

Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles
Accessory muscles of respiration

88
Q

3 layers of m that cover intercostal spaces

A

External IM
Internal IM
Intermost IM

89
Q

External IM extend from … until..

A

Tubercle of rib behind till junction of rib with their costal cartilage

From lower border of rib above to upper border of rib below

90
Q

External IM runs

A

Downward forward towards sternum

91
Q

Anteriorly the external IM are replacing by (the area above the cc)

A

Ant intercostal membrane

92
Q

IM

A

Intercostal muscles

93
Q

Internal intercostal m runs

A

Downward and backwards

94
Q

Internal IM is from

A

Sternum to a little behind maxillary line

Outer lip of cc of rib above to upper border of rib below

95
Q

Internal IM is replaced posteriorly by

A

Posterior intercostal membrane

96
Q

Innermost intercostal muscles are on

A

Lateral sides only

97
Q

Intermost IM runs

A

Downward and backwards from inner lip of cg of rib above to upper border of rib belly

98
Q

T Tm sternocostalis

A

4-5 slips of muscles

From pot surface of lower sternum to 2nd 6th cc

99
Q

how are nerves arteries and veins organized is subclavian groove

A

VAN

100
Q

Where is it safe to make incisions in the ribs and why

A

Upper border of rib below because in the lower border of rib above it’s subclavian groove

101
Q

What is in the upper border of rib below?

A

Collateral branches

102
Q

Actions of IM

A

Elevation of ribs in inspiration

Tension of IM prevents ballooning and drawn inwards in breathing.

103
Q

What supplies IM

A

Nerves: anterior primi rami of corresponding IC nerve and collateral branch.

Anatomy (5 decks)

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