rer ewr Flashcards
What are the 10 steps for prepping the surgeon (aseptic technique)?
- Remove jewelry
- Cap and mask
- Open gown/glove packs
- Scrub
- Dry hands
- Don gown
- Don gloves
- Tie back
- Enter sterile field
- Begin draping
What are the 10 steps to prepare the patient for surgery?
- Sedate/position
- Clip from xiphoid to pubis
- Vacuum/lint roll
- Antiseptic scrub
- Rinse with alcohol
- Repeat 3x
- Move to OR
- Final sterile prep
- Quarter drapes
- Laparotomy drape
What areas of the surgical gown are not sterile?
Cuffs, back, and below the waist
What is the order of absorbable suture materials losing tensile strength fastest to slowest?
Monocryl < Vicryl < PDS < Prolene
How do you start a simple continuous buried suture?
Deep to superficial (near side), then superficial to deep (far side), tie knot deep
How do you end a simple continuous buried suture?
Superficial to deep (near), deep to superficial (far), tie knot deep
When should antibiotics be given to ensure they’re in the blood at the time of incision?
30 to 60 minutes before incision
Indications for prophylactic antibiotics in surgery?
Dirty surgery, clean-contaminated procedures, clean procedures >90 mins
Does wound classification affect perioperative antibiotic decision?
Yes — it’s a major factor in determining use
How do you visualize the LEFT abdominal gutter?
Retract intestines using the mesocolon
How do you visualize the RIGHT abdominal gutter?
Retract intestines using the mesoduodenum
What biopsy method is used at the edge of the liver?
Guillotine technique
What biopsy method is used at the center of the liver or diaphragmatic surface?
Punch biopsy
What ligament is broken to exteriorize the ovary during OVH?
Suspensory ligament
What is the first ligament clamped during OVH?
Proper ligament of the ovary
In parapreputial approach to castration, is the linea alba cut straight?
Yes, the linea is still incised straight
What does CREPI stand for in orthopedic exams?
Crepitus, Range of motion, Effusion, Pain, Instability
Hip hike when stepping on right HL — which limb is affected?
Right hind limb
Dog bunny-hopping suggests what type of lameness?
Bilateral hind limb lameness
Dog swings hind legs and crosses over while walking — next step?
Perform neurologic exam
Dog has head down when right thoracic limb hits ground — which limb is lame?
Left pelvic limb
What are the 5 forces acting on bone?
Tension, compression, bending, torsion, shear
What is the strain threshold for primary bone healing?
< 2%
Describe a comminuted fracture
Multiple intersecting fracture lines, high energy trauma, soft tissue damage
Can general practitioners use MIS techniques?
Yes, with training
Why do we perform MIS surgeries?
Less pain, smaller incisions, lower infection risk, faster recovery
Can you perform ovariectomy using MIS?
Yes — and also gastropexy, cryptorchidectomy, biopsies
What is the appropriate first step before doing an excisional biopsy on a tumor you’ve never assessed?
Request a fine needle aspirate (FNA)
What is the next step if FNA was non-diagnostic?
Incisional biopsy
What tests are part of staging a tumor?
Thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound (ABDUS)
What are 3 key characteristics for selecting suture material?
Tensile strength, suture size, tissue reactivity
Why are biological indicators more accurate than chemical indicators?
Because they confirm microbial kill by testing for actual spore death under time and temp conditions
Name three sterilization methods and their pros/cons.
Steam: fast, effective, may damage heat-sensitive items
Ethylene oxide: for plastics, toxic
Radiation: very effective, expensive
What are the 3 layers of a bandage?
Contact layer, padding layer, compressive layer
What is the contact layer for minimally effusive wounds?
Telfa pad
How do you avoid pressure injury at the olecranon when casting?
Add extra padding around it, not on top
What do you do if a dog chews its bandage, and foot is wet/swollen?
Remove the bandage completely and reapply
What type of splint can immobilize the humerus?
Spica splint
What is a Velpeau sling used for?
Immobilizing the forelimb (e.g., scapular fractures or medial shoulder luxation)
What is an Ehmer sling used for?
Immobilizing the hind limb after hip luxation
Is the linea alba still cut straight in a parapreputial approach?
Yes, only the skin/fat is reflected; the linea is still incised midline
What are signs of delayed bone union?
Infection, poor blood supply, inadequate stabilization, old age, poor nutrition
What is the description of a fracture (6 key features)?
Bone, location, type, configuration, open/closed, displacement
What are two types of tissue biopsy?
Wedge and punch
Where do you clip for exploratory laparotomy?
Cranial to xiphoid and caudal to pubis
What is the first structure seen on cranial abdominal entry?
Falciform ligament
what type of fracture can you use a pin-cerclage for?
long, oblique and spiral
3 complications in bone healing
malalignment, delayed, nonalignment
Describe incisional vs excisional biopsy, pros and cons
incisional = small mass, less invasive, risk of tumor seeding
excisional = entire mass, very invasive, less chance of tumor seeding
Staging vs grading
staging = extent
grading = behavior of tumor
