bacti remainder stuff Flashcards
What does Campylobacter jejuni cause and how is it transmitted?
Found in poultry, causes superficial erosive enteritis. May cause bloody or self-limiting diarrhea. Colonizes intestinal mucus. Produces LT-like enterotoxin (activates adenylate cyclase). Cannot multiply in food.
What disease does Lawsonia intracellularis cause and in which animals?
Causes proliferative intestinal adenomatosis and hemorrhagic enteropathy in pigs, dogs, and hamsters. Diagnosis: PCR.
Where does Leptospira survive and what organs does it affect?
Survives in moist/wet environments. Lives in proximal renal tubules, shed in urine. Can cause DIC (peracute) or abortion/chronic nephritis (chronic). Reservoir: rats.
Match Leptospira serovars to species and outcome:
Pomona = Abortion in pigs, cattle, horses; Bratislava = Stillbirth in pigs; Hardjo = Stillbirth in cattle; Canicola = Renal failure in dogs.
What disease does Borrelia burgdorferi cause, and how is it transmitted?
Spirochete transmitted by Ixodes scapularis (deer tick). Causes Lyme disease: arthritis, anorexia in horses and dogs. Often co-infects with Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
What does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause in cattle?
Causes necrobacillosis, liver abscesses, and foot rot. Synergistic with Trueperella pyogenes and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica.
What disease does Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae cause?
Causes enzootic pneumonia in pigs. Chronic disease that predisposes to secondary infections like Pasteurella multocida.
What does Mycoplasma bovis cause and what is it part of?
Causes bronchopneumonia in cattle. Part of BRDC complex: Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida. Also causes mastitis and arthritis.
What are Anaplasmataceae bacteria and how are they transmitted?
Obligate intracellular parasites of blood cells. Transmitted by ticks (Anaplasma, Ehrlichia) or trematodes (Neorickettsia).
What does Anaplasma phagocytophilum infect and cause?
Infects neutrophils, transmitted by Ixodes ticks. Causes granulocytic anaplasmosis: fever, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, muscle pain. Can predispose to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
What disease does Ehrlichia canis cause and how is it transmitted?
Transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). Causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: fever, lethargy, pancytopenia, chronic weight loss.
What does Neorickettsia risticii cause and how is it transmitted?
Causes Potomac Horse Fever. Transmitted by trematodes in aquatic insects. Infects monocytes/macrophages. Causes diarrhea, colic, fever, leukopenia.
What does Chlamydophila psittaci cause in birds?
Causes psittacosis – a systemic infection in birds. Leads to conjunctivitis, pneumonia, hepatitis. Zoonotic.
What does Coxiella burnetii cause and in which species?
Causes Q fever. Zoonotic – transmitted via aerosols from placentas, birth fluids, or feces. In humans: flu-like illness. In ruminants: abortion, placentitis.
What is the most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea?
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which produces heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins that lead to watery diarrhea.
How is Bartonella henselae transmitted to humans?
Primarily through cat scratches or bites. Fleas transmit the bacteria between cats, but humans get infected from scratches, not fleas.
Why is the name Capnocytophaga canimorsus hard to remember and how can you break it down?
Capno = needs CO2, cytophaga = cell eater, canimorsus = dog bite. Causes sepsis or meningitis in humans after a dog bite, especially in immunocompromised people.
What kind of environment does Fusobacterium necrophorum require and why does it pair well with Trueperella pyogenes?
F. necrophorum is an obligate anaerobe. T. pyogenes is facultative anaerobic and helps create an anaerobic environment, allowing F. necrophorum to thrive in abscesses or necrotic tissue.
What is Trueperella pyogenes and what does it commonly cause?
A Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic rod found in normal flora of ruminants. It causes abscesses, mastitis, pneumonia, and metritis, and synergizes with F. necrophorum.
