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WGS Alevel Chemistry > Required Practical 4 > Flashcards

Required Practical 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Test 1
G2 metal cations (with NaOH)

A

BaCl2
CaBr2
MgCl2
SrCl2

Add sodium hydroxide solution, record result then add sodium hydroxide solution in excess and record the result.

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2
Q

Test 1
BaBr2 + sodium hydroxide solution

A

BaBr2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) —> Ba(OH)2 (aq) +2NaBr (aq)

NaOH - colourless solution
Excess NaOH - colourless solution

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3
Q

Test 1
CaCl2 + sodium hydroxide solution

A

CaCl2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) —> Ca(OH)2 (s) +2NaCl (aq)

Ca(OH)2 - slightly soluble

NaOH -slight - slight white precipitate
Excess NaOH - slight white precipitate

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4
Q

Test 1
MgCl2 + sodium hydroxide solution

A

MgCl2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) —> Mg(OH)2 (s) +2NaCl (aq)

NaOH - white precipitate
Excess NaOH - white precipitate

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5
Q

Test 1
SrCl2 + sodium hydroxide solution

A

SrCl2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) —> Sr(OH)2 (aq) +2NaCl (aq)

NaOH - slight white precipitate
Excess NaOH - colourless solution

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6
Q

Test 2
G2 metal cations (with H2SO4)

A

BaCl2
CaBr2
MgCl2
SrCl2

Add 1 drop of sulphuric acid, record result then add 5 drops sulphuric acid and record the result.

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7
Q

Test 2
BaCl2 + sulphuric acid

A

BaCl2 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) —> BaSO4(s) + 2HCl(aq)

1 drop H2SO4 - white precipitate
5 Drops H2SO4 - white precipitate

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8
Q

Test 2
CaBr2 + sulphuric acid

A

CaBr2 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) —> CaSO4(aq) + 2HBr(aq)

1 drop H2SO4 - slight white precipitate
5 Drops H2SO4 - colourless solution

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9
Q

Test 2
MgCl2 + sulphuric acid

A

MgCl2 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) —> MgSO4(aq) + 2HCl(aq)

1 drop H2SO4 - colourless solution
5 Drops H2SO4 - colourless solution

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10
Q

Test 2
SrCl2 + sulphuric acid

A

SrCl2 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) —> SrSO4(s) + 2HCl(aq)

SrSO4 - slightly soluble

1 drop H2SO4 - slight white precipitate
5 Drops H2SO4 - slight white precipitate

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11
Q

Test 3
Ammonium ions (from NH4Cl)

A

NH4Cl - ammonium chloride

Add sodium hydroxide solution, observe.

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12
Q

Test 3
ammonium chloride + sodium hydroxide solution

A

NH4Cl(aq) + NaOH(aq) —> NH3(g) + H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)

Litmus paper turns red to blue
(Effervescence from NH3 gas)

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13
Q

Test 4
Anions in aqueous solution (ammonia solution)

A

Ammonia solution + damp red litmus paper will turn blue.

The ammonia solution reacts with the water on the litmus paper to produce ammonia hydroxide which is alkaline.

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14
Q

Test 4
Water + ammonia

A

H2O(l) + NH3(aq) —> NH4+ (g) + OH- (aq-)

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15
Q

Test 5
Carbonate ions in aqueous solution

A

Add sodium Hydroxide solutions and dilute hydrochloric acid.

Positive result - white precipitate

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16
Q

Test 5
Calcium carbonate + Sodium hydroxide solution

A

CaCO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) + 2HCl(aq) —> NaHCO3(s) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

17
Q

Test 6
Sulphate ions in aqueous solution

A

Add dilute hydrochloric acid (remove impurities) and barium chloride.

Positive result - white precipitate

18
Q

Test 6
Magnesium sulphate + barium chloride + dilute hydrochloric acid

A

MgSO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) —> BaSO4(s) + MgCl2 (aq)

19
Q

Test 7a
Halide ions in aqueous solution (with nitric acid and silver nitrate)

A

Add nitric acid, record observations then add 1 drop of silver nitrate solution and record the observations.

20
Q

Test 7a
Halide ions in aqueous solution (with nitric acid observations)

A

Nitric acid - all remain colourless solutions

KCl = Cl-(aq) + Ag+(aq) —> AgCl(s)

21
Q

Test 7a
KCL in aqueous solution (with nitric acid and silver nitrate observations and equations)

A

KCl = Cl-(aq) + Ag+(aq) —> AgCl(s)
White precipitate

22
Q

Test 7a
KBr in aqueous solution (with nitric acid and silver nitrate observations and equations)

A

KBR = Br-(aq) + Ag+(aq) —> AgBr(s)
Cream precipitate

23
Q

Test 7a
KI in aqueous solution (with nitric acid and silver nitrate observations and equations)

A

KI = I-(aq) + Ag+(aq) —> AgI(s)
Yellow precipitate

24
Q

Test 7b
Halide ions in aqueous solution (ammonia)

A

Add dilute ammonia, record observations
Add concentrated ammonia, record observations.

25
Q

Test 7b
AgCl in aqueous solution (+ dilute and concentrated ammonia)

A

Dilute - precipitate dissolves, colourless solution

Conc - precipitate dissolves, colourless solution

26
Q

Test 7b
AgBr in aqueous solution (+ dilute and concentrated ammonia)

A

Dilute - slight cream precipitate

Conc - precipitate dissolves, colourless solution

27
Q

Test 7b
AgI in aqueous solution (+ dilute and concentrated ammonia)

A

Dilute - yellow precipitate

Conc - yellow precipitate

28
Q

Test 8
Halide ions in solid salts

A

Add concentrated sulphuric acid + test with blue litmus paper turns red
(can be plain or dipped in acidified K2Cr2O7 or lead solution)

29
Q

Test 8
KCl in solid salts

A

Add Concentrated sulphuric acid + blue litmus paper.

Observation - green gas + Blue litmus paper turned red.

2KCl(aq) + 2H2SO4(aq) —> SO2(g) + Cl2(g) + K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(aq)

30
Q

Test 8
KBr in solid salts

A

Concentrated sulphuric acid + blue litmus paper dipped in acidified potassium dichromate solution.

Observation - orange gas + Blue litmus paper turns red

2KBr(aq) + H2SO4(aq) —> SO2(g) + Br2(g) + K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(aq)

31
Q

Test 8
KI in solid salts

A

Concentrated sulphuric acid + blue litmus paper dipped in lead nitrate solution.

Observation - purple gas and black solid + Blue litmus paper turns red

2KI(aq) + H2SO4(aq) —> SO2(g) + I2(s) + K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

WGS Alevel Chemistry (6 decks)

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